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材料导报  2023, Vol. 37 Issue (18): 21080078-7    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21080078
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
异构金属材料优异力学性能及其机理的研究进展
袁钰轩1, 马爱斌1,2,*, 吴浩然1, 江静华1
1 河海大学力学与材料学院,南京 211100
2 宿迁市河海大学研究院,江苏 宿迁 223800
Progress on Superior Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Heterogeneous Metals
YUAN Yuxuan1, MA Aibin1,2,*, WU Haoran1, JIANG Jinghua1
1 College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
2 Suqian Research Institute, Hohai University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, China
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摘要 异构金属的微观异质结构同时提高了金属结构材料的强度和塑性。近年来,强韧性匹配优异的新型异构金属得到了广泛关注和快速发展,在汽车、交通等诸多领域拥有广阔应用前景,是轻量化交通载具优质用材。异构金属的设计理念是通过优化微观结构设计来提高力学性能,典型结构有梯度结构、双峰结构、层状结构等,导构金属材料的共同点是内部含有强度差异较大的微观结构单元。此种特殊设计的微观结构单元可通过调控合金成分、晶粒尺寸、晶体结构的差异来形成,由于其造成了强度在空间上的差异,材料在变形过程中软、硬单元变形不一致而产生了背应力。异构金属就得益于背应力的强化/硬化效应而兼具高强度和高塑性,从而实现了强韧性的完美匹配。
   本文归纳了强韧性相匹配的异构金属材料的研究进展,分别对异构金属材料的力学性能特点、微观结构和变形机理进行了阐析,并对异构金属材料力学性能提升方面存在的问题和发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为力学性能优异的异构合金的设计、开发和应用提供参考。
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袁钰轩
马爱斌
吴浩然
江静华
关键词:  异构金属材料  微观异构  力学性能  变形机理  强韧化    
Abstract: The heterogeneous microstructure of structural metals simultaneously improves their strength and toughness. Heterogeneous metals with excellent strengths and toughness have received significant attention recently, developed rapidly, and are considered a high-quality material for lightweight traffic vehicles. It has a wide range of applications in fields like automobiles and transportation. Heterogeneous metals improve the overall mechanical characteristics by achieving typical microstructures such as gradient, bimodal, and layered. Micro-units with large strength variations are contained in heterogeneous materials, which is a common point of an ideal microstructure. Differences in element distribution, grain size, and crystal structure of metals combine to generate the designated micro-units. The deformation of soft and hard microu-nits is inconsistent due to the variation in strength in space, and back stress is created when the material is strained. Due to the strengthening/hardening effect of back stress, heterogeneous metals have realized the perfect match of high strength and good toughness.
This review looks back on the synergistic strengthening and toughening of heterogeneous metals research efforts. The microstructure features, deformation mechanism, and mechanical characteristics of heterogeneous metals are discussed, while challenges and future trends for improving the mechanical performance of heterogeneous metals are covered. This review provides a guide to designing, developing, and applying heterogeneous metals with superior mechanical properties.
Key words:  heterogeneous metal    heterogeneous microstructure    mechanical property    deformation mechanism    strengthening and toughening
出版日期:  2023-09-25      发布日期:  2023-09-18
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51774109);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2017148);江苏省自然科学基金(BK 20191303)
通讯作者:  *马爱斌,河海大学力学与材料学院教授、博士研究生导师。教育部“高等学校骨干教师”、日本学术振兴会博士后特别资助获得者。1985年本科毕业于东南大学材料科学与工程系并留校任教,1997年在日本爱知工业大学取得工学博士学位,2001年开始在日本产业技术综合研究所进行博士后研究工作,2005年回国到河海大学任教。主要从事材料组织超细化、强韧化与耐蚀化等研究工作。在Acta Materialia、Applied Catalysis B:Environmental、Scripta Materialia、Corrosion Science、Journal of Power Sources等SCI期刊上发表论文 200余篇,获授权发明专利30余件,出版了《海上风电场防腐工程》《现代工业训练教程－金属热处理及质量检验》等专著。aibin-ma@hhu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  袁钰轩,2019年6月毕业于辽宁科技大学材料科学与工程系,获得工学学士学位,现为河海大学力学与材料学院硕士研究生,在马爱斌教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域是Mg-Re合金的高温超塑性行为。
引用本文:    
袁钰轩, 马爱斌, 吴浩然, 江静华. 异构金属材料优异力学性能及其机理的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(18): 21080078-7.
YUAN Yuxuan, MA Aibin, WU Haoran, JIANG Jinghua. Progress on Superior Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Heterogeneous Metals. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(18): 21080078-7.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21080078  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I18/21080078
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