CMT Butt Welding Mechanism of M390 Martensitic Stainless Steel and 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
QIAO Lixue1, CAO Rui1,*, CHE Hongyan2,3, LI Shang4, WANG Tiejun2,3, DONG Hao2,3, WANG Caiqin2,3, YAN Yingjie1
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China 2 Advanced Technology ＆ Materials Co., Ltd., China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group, Beijing 100081, China 3 Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hot Isostatic Pressing, Zhuozhou 072750, Hebei, China 4 Bahuan Technology Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318054, Zhejiang, China
Abstract: M390 powder metallurgy high carbon martensitic stainless steel and 304 austenitic stainless steel are joined by cold metal transfer (CMT) butt welding experiments with ERNi-1 nickel-based metal as filler wire. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joint were characterized by tensile experiment, vickers microhardness test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The grain size and carbide distribution in different areas on M390 side were measured to reveal the joining mechanism of the welded joint. The results show that: M390 high carbon martensitic stainless steel and 304 austenitic stainless steel CMT butt welding joints with no holes, no inclusions and other defects could be achieved. The best welding process parameters were welding speed of 4.5 mm/s, wire feeding speed of 9 m/min, welding current of 110 A, welding voltage of 18.1 V, the corresponding tensile strength and the elongation reached 493 MPa and 21.8%, respectively. Its plasticity was much higher than M390 base metal. The fracture location appeared at the weld metal position. Ductile fracture dominated the fracture surfaces. The weld metal is composed of austenite microstructure and (Ti, Ni, Al) carbides. Metallurgical bon-ding can be achieved between weld metal and M390. An obvious fusion line appears in 304 fusion zone. Because M390 heat-affected zone is affected by heat input and welding residual stress, the residual austenite in the matrix of M390 heat-affected zone is induced to undergo a martensitic transformation, which lead to the supersaturation of carbon in the matrix of M390 heat-affected zone. The precipitated carbon not only increases the number of carbides, but also promotes the type of carbides to change from M23C6 to M7C3. The size of carbide in M390 coarse-grained heat affected zone is the largest, showing a strip shaped morphology. The size of carbide in M390 fine-grained heat affected zone is located between M390 base metal and M390 coarse-grained heat affected zone, showing two morphology of strip shape and granular shape. The grain size of M390 high-carbon martensitic stainless heat-affected zone is significantly smaller than martensitic steel heat-affected zone by traditional fusion welding, which can reflect CMT improvement on the coarsening of M390 high-carbon martensitic stainless steel heat-affected zone.
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2023, Vol. 37 
