电脉冲处理对金属材料组织、力学性能影响的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21030039

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (4): 21030039-9 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21030039

金属与金属基复合材料

电脉冲处理对金属材料组织、力学性能影响的研究进展

郝思洁, 褚强^*, 李文亚, 杨夏炜, 邹阳帆

西北工业大学,陕西省摩擦焊接工程技术重点实验室,西安 710072

Effect of Electropulsing Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials:a Review

HAO Sijie, CHU Qiang^*, LI Wenya, YANG Xiawei, ZOU Yangfan

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

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摘要多能量场辅助材料加工成形是先进制造技术发展的重要方向,其中电脉冲处理(EPT)是一种利用脉冲电流实现材料微观组织调控与力学性能改善的新型处理技术,在辅助金属材料制备和加工等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
电脉冲处理具有能量利用率高、作用时间短等优点,在提高材料塑性、促进再结晶和相变等方面具有传统热处理无法比拟的优势。近年来,金属材料组织、力学性能对电脉冲处理的响应行为受到国内外学者的广泛关注。
当脉冲电流加载于金属材料时,电场作用下的漂移电子与材料内部组织会发生相互作用,产生焦耳热效应、电迁移效应等电致塑性效应。因此,电脉冲处理能够增强原子扩散、促进位错运动,提高材料塑性变形能力。同时,脉冲电流能够显著促进晶粒细化、固态相变与织构弱化,从而使材料获得优异的综合力学性能。此外,电脉冲处理还可以实现材料内部孔洞和微裂纹的修复,有效抑制裂纹的扩展,从而提高材料的断裂韧性和延长材料的疲劳寿命。
本文基于现有研究现状,从晶粒细化、固态相变、裂纹修复等方面,总结分析了电脉冲处理对金属材料微观组织和力学性能的影响规律与作用机制,同时,简要介绍了电脉冲处理改善焊接接头成形特征和性能的相关研究,最后对电脉冲处理技术后续研究进行了展望。

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	郝思洁
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关键词: 电脉冲处理微观组织力学性能电致塑性

Abstract: Multi-energy field assisted processing is an important direction for the development of advanced manufacturing technology. Electropulsing treatment (EPT) is an innovative technology, which has been used to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of metallic materials by applying electric pulse current. The EPT has broad promising applications in the manufacturing industry.
Due to the advantages of energy saving and high efficiency that can quickly heat up materials, EPT has preponderance over conventional heat treatment in terms of improving material plasticity, promoting recrystallization and phase transformation. The response of microstructure and mechanical properties of metal materials to EPT has attracted wide attention.
The coupling effects, including joule heating effect, electromigration effect and other electroplastic effects, could enhance the atomic diffusion and dislocation migration to improve the forming ability. In addition, pulse current can significantly promote grain refinement, solid-state phase transition, and texture weakening, so as to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition, EPT can repair internal porosities and cracks of the material to effectively inhibit the crack propagation and improve the fracture behavior.
Based on the existing research, the effect of EPT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials has been summarized and the mechanism is preliminarily analyzed from the aspects of grain refinement, solid-state phase transition, and crack repair. Moreover, the related researches on the formation characteristics and performance of welded joints after EPT are also included in the paper. Finally, the follow-up research on EPT is discussed.

Key words: electropulsing treatment microstructure mechanical property electroplasticity

出版日期: 2023-02-25 发布日期: 2023-03-02

ZTFLH:

TG402

基金资助: 陕西省自然科学基金(2021JQ-102);国家自然科学基金(51875471)

通讯作者: * 褚强,西北工业大学材料学院博士后。2019年6月在西北工业大学材料加工工程专业取得博士学位。主要从事铝合金搅拌摩擦点焊组织分析与数值模拟研究。已发表学术期刊论文10余篇,包括J. Mater. Sci. Technol.、J. Mater. Process. Tech.、Mater. Charact.、J. Mater. Res. Technol.、Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi.、J. Manuf. Process等。目前,主持国家自然科学基金1项、省部级项目1项。cq@nwpu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郝思洁,2019年7月毕业于江苏科技大学,获得学士学位。现为西北工业大学材料学院硕士研究生。目前主要研究领域为铝合金无针搅拌摩擦点焊。

引用本文:

郝思洁, 褚强, 李文亚, 杨夏炜, 邹阳帆. 电脉冲处理对金属材料组织、力学性能影响的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(4): 21030039-9.
HAO Sijie, CHU Qiang, LI Wenya, YANG Xiawei, ZOU Yangfan. Effect of Electropulsing Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials:a Review. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(4): 21030039-9.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21030039 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I4/21030039

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