Abstract: Solar energy is one of the most important substitutes for traditional fossil energy source due to its cleanness and sustainability, which can be absorbed and transferred into heat, and more importantly as electricity when converted via solar cell technology. Polycrystalline silicon solar cells are a widely adopted solar cell technology in the field of photovoltaic power generation. It is of great importance to overcome the problem faced by the solar cells, which is to reduce the incident light reflectivity of the solar cell panel surface in order to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells. In this paper, the light trapping principle is initially introduced, followed by the classifications of the commonly utilized surface texturing processes to reduce the undesired reflectivity. Specifically, laser related texturing methods are reported, as well as the analyses of the corresponding texturing effects on the surface of polycrystalline silicon prepared with different laser texturing methods. It is found that the laser-based hybrid micro-texturing technology overcomes the issues faced by the conventional direct laser texturing process. Furthermore, the effect of laser processing parameters on the surface texturing is analyzed, especially the corresponding light absorptance. Variation of the laser wavelength could affect the silicon surface morphology. Moreover, the tuning of key laser parameters, such as laser repetition rate and laser scanning speed can influence the density of the micro dimples on the surface of the solar cells. The depth of the ablated micro craters can also be tailored by altering the laser power and the pulse energy, as well as modulating the laser incident angle, energy distribution, and pulse duration. Among the typical microtextures, the V-shaped textures are more effective than the U-shaped textures, and 2D light trapping structures prevail over the 1D ones. In addition, the effects of chemical post-processing to enhance the micro structuring are also discussed. The enhancement of the performance of the polycrystalline silicon solar cells is achieved by improving or even diminishing the defects caused by heat-affected zone. Finally, a brief overview and prospect of the laser texturing technology on the surface structuring of polycrystalline silicon solar cell are given based on the above review.
成健, 廖建飞, 杨震, 孔维畅, 刘顿. 太阳能电池多晶硅表面激光制绒技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(6): 21050219-10.
CHENG Jian, LIAO Jianfei, YANG Zhen, KONG Weichang, LIU Dun. Recent Developments of Laser Texturing Technology on the Surface Structuring of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(6): 21050219-10.
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2023, Vol. 37 
