Abstract: Compared with fossil fuel energy, geothermal energy is an environmentally-friendly renewable energy with low cost, wide distribution and low pollution. Therefore, the geothermal well system has been widely used in the geothermal industry. However, the geothermal well systems (mainly including wellhead equipment, downhole casing and other facilities) are exposed to geothermal fluids that are corrosive to metals for a long time, which will shorten the production life of geothermal wells. Therefore, it is of great scientific and engineering value to study the corrosion in geothermal well system. Due to the influence of geographical location, geological and thermal reservoir conditions, combined with different geothermal fluids in different regions and complex downhole condition, there are various types of corrosion in the geothermal wells. All these factors will pose challenges to study the corrosion mechanism and protection technique of the geothermal well system. The corrosion in geothermal well systems can be divided into two types, i.e. general corrosion and local corrosion. The former includes the carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) corrosion; while the latter includes the pitting corrosion, deposition corrosion, bimetallic corrosion, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, intergranular corrosion, etc. In order to inspect downhole corrosion, logging technologies such as mechanical caliper measurement technology, downhole visual inspection system, and ultrasonic thickness measurement technology used in the petroleum industry have been applied to geothermal wells. The gravimetric method, resistance method, electrochemical method and surface analysis technology have been widely used in previous experimental research, among which resistance method and electrochemical method are used for the corrosion monitoring of ground working equipment in field experiment; to carry out downhole experiment, the gravimetric and surface analysis is conducted because of the difficulty in installing corrosion probes; different types of high-temperature and high-pressure reactors are used in indoor experiments to reflect the material performance in real geothermal condition. In terms of anti-corrosion technology, the development of anti-corrosion materials (stainless steel, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, etc.) and additional anti-corrosion coatings are commonly used methods, meanwhile they will also be the research focus. Besides, the research on green corrosion inhibitors is highlighted, while there are great potential for the study on the cathodic protection in geothermal field. This paper firstly summarizes the corrosion types and mechanism in gerthermal well, followed by an introduction of the major underground corrosion inspection techniques as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and then the main types and means of experimental research and existing problems are discussed. To conclude, the existing anti-corrosion technology are explored.
邓嵩, 沈鑫, 刘璐, 凌定坤, 赵会军. 地热井系统腐蚀与防护的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(21): 21178-21184.
DENG Song, SHEN Xin, LIU Lu, LING Dingkun, ZHAO Huijun. Research Progress in Corrosion and Protection of Geothermal Well System. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(21): 21178-21184.
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2021, Vol. 35 
