透明太阳能电池的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21060214

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (8): 21060214-8 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21060214

无机非金属及其复合材料

透明太阳能电池的研究进展

周文彩^1,*, 王伟¹, 刘晓鹏¹, 齐帅¹, 于浩¹, 曾红杰¹, 王川申¹, 魏晓俊²

1 中国建材国际工程集团有限公司,上海 200063
2 玻璃新材料创新中心(安徽)有限公司,安徽蚌埠 233000

Research Progress in Transparent Photovoltaics

ZHOU Wencai^1,*, WANG Wei¹, LIU Xiaopeng¹, QI Shuai¹, YU Hao¹, ZENG Hongjie¹, WANG Chuanshen¹, WEI Xiaojun²

1 China Triumph International Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200063, China
2 Innovation Center for Advanced Glass Materials (Anhui) Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China

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摘要随着全球变暖和能源问题的日益显著,各国开始大力发展光伏产业。太阳能电池被广泛应用在建筑屋顶、幕墙以及太阳能电站。透明太阳能电池集可见光透光性和发电性能于一身,为太阳能电池开辟了新的应用领域,如建筑窗户、交通工具、农业大棚以及电子设备等。理想的透明太阳能电池应该像普通玻璃一样具有较高的透过率、显色指数以及长期稳定性,并且具有较高的光电转化效率。
目前,透明太阳能电池的研究还处于初始阶段,面临的主要挑战在于其光电转化效率和可见光透过率不能满足应用场所的需求,这是制约透明太阳能电池进一步发展的主要原因。透明太阳能电池的制备主要通过三种途径实现。一是牺牲光电转化效率提高电池的透过率。对于传统的太阳能电池材料(c-Si、CdTe、CIGS等),透过率和光电转化效率是相互对立的,光电转化效率随着透过率的增加而减小,可根据实际需求平衡光电转化效率和透过率之间的关系。二是寻求吸收紫外/近红外光(UV/NIR)的材料进行发电。理论上,吸收UV/NIR的单结透明太阳能电池在可见光透过率100%时,极限光电转化效率可达20.6%,然而由于材料以及技术方面的限制,实际制备的透明太阳能电池效率远低于理论值。三是利用太阳能荧光聚集器(LSC)来制备透明太阳能电池。该技术可实现较高的透过率和显色指数,且易于制备大尺寸的产品,被认为是取代建筑用玻璃的一种潜在技术,但是其光电转化效率较低。为了提高透明太阳能电池的光电转化效率和透过率,必须同时考虑吸光材料、透明电极、电荷传输材料以及界面等因素,减少光的反射,增加不可见光的吸收和利用。
本文归纳了透明太阳能电池的研究进展,详细介绍了透明太阳能电池的设计策略,分析了透明太阳能电池面临的挑战并对其前景进行了展望,以期为制备高性能的透明太阳能电池提供参考。

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	周文彩
	王伟
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	齐帅
	于浩
	曾红杰
	王川申
	魏晓俊

关键词: 透明太阳能电池区域选择性透光薄膜紫外/近红外吸收太阳能荧光聚集器

Abstract: To cope with global warming and the rapidly growing energy demand, great efforts have been invested into the development of photovoltaic devices, among which the solar cells are widely applied in rooftops, facades and power plants. Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) which can provide electricity and transmit a fraction of the incident light in the visible region that can be recognized by human eyes, extend potential applications in windows, vehicles, greenhouse and electronic devices. Ideal TPV is considered as the glass possessing high average visible transmittance (AVT), high color rendering index (CRI) and long-time stability, as well as high power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Nowadays, the research on TPVs is still at the initial stage. The challenge is that the requirements of PCE and AVT cannot be simultaneously satisfied for the applications. Three routes have been reported for the manufacturing of TPVs. The first is sacrificing PCE to boost AVT. AVT and PCE are in opposition to each other for the conventional solar cells (Si, CdTe, CIGS, etc.), which indicates higher AVT of TPVs leads to lower PCE. There will be a balance between PCE and AVT according to the demand. The second is looking for UV/NIR harvesting materials for electricity generation. In theory, with 100% AVT, the UV/NIR adsorption efficiency of single-junction TPV is up to 20.6%. So far, due to the limitations of materials and technologies, the obtained PCE is far below the theoretical value. The last is utilizing the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), which is recognized as a promising technology for the large-scale production of TPVs with high AVT and CRI but low PCE. To optimize PCE and AVT of TPVs, one needs to take into account the active layer, transparent electrode, charge transport layer and interference at the same time.
This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to the transparent photovoltaics, and provides elaborate descriptions about the strategies to implement the idea. We then pay attention to the problems of the current transparent photovoltaics and discuss the possible research directions. We have confidence that the transparent photovoltaics will foster new types of industries beyond simply expanding the application space of opaque photovoltaics.

Key words: transparent photovoltaics selective light-transmission thin film UV/NIR absorption luminescent solar concentrator

出版日期: 2023-04-25 发布日期: 2023-04-24

ZTFLH:

TM914.4

基金资助: 上海市科委国际合作项目(SH02-KJCX-GJHZ-18520731300)

通讯作者: *周文彩,博士,中国建材国际工程集团有限公司高级工程师。2013年6月硕士毕业于中国科学院大学应用化学专业,2016年7月于德国卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院获得物理化学博士学位,主要负责玻璃行业、光伏行业新材料和新技术的研发。已在国内外核心期刊发表论文10余篇,包括Nature Sustainability、Angewandte Chemie International Edition、Journal of Materials Chemistry、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces等。wencai.zhou@outlook.com

引用本文:

周文彩, 王伟, 刘晓鹏, 齐帅, 于浩, 曾红杰, 王川申, 魏晓俊. 透明太阳能电池的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(8): 21060214-8.
ZHOU Wencai, WANG Wei, LIU Xiaopeng, QI Shuai, YU Hao, ZENG Hongjie, WANG Chuanshen, WEI Xiaojun. Research Progress in Transparent Photovoltaics. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(8): 21060214-8.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21060214 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I8/21060214

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