含Gd的Mg-Al系合金研究现状

doi:10.11896/cldb.20030207

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (9): 9016-9027 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20030207

轻质合金

含Gd的Mg-Al系合金研究现状

钟诗宇^1,2, 张丁非^1,2,*, 胥钧耀^1,2, 赵阳^1,2, 冯靖凯^1,2, 蒋斌^1,2, 潘复生^1,2, 杨静波³

1 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆 400045
2 重庆大学国家镁合金材料工程技术研究中心,重庆 400044
3 河钢集团钢研总院,石家庄 050023

Research Progress of Mg-Al Based Alloys Containing Gd Element

ZHONG Shiyu^1,2, ZHANG Dingfei^1,2,*, XU Junyao^1,2, ZHAO Yang^1,2, FENG Jingkai^1,2, JIANG Bin^1,2,
PAN Fusheng^1,2, YANG Jingbo³

1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
2 National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3 HBIS Group Technology Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050023, China

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摘要镁合金作为“21世纪绿色环保工程材料”,具有广阔的应用前景。在诸多类型的镁合金中,Mg-Al系合金是目前应用范围最广、牌号最多的镁合金。合金化一直是改善镁合金性能的重要手段,在围绕Mg-Al系合金开展的众多合金化研究中,加入稀土元素Gd是一个重要的研究方向。
近年来,许多研究者围绕微观形貌、力学性能与腐蚀行为三个方面对含Gd的Mg-Al系合金广泛开展了研究。在Mg-Al系合金中加入Gd后,合金第二相的种类与结构会发生相应的变化。其中,最常见的变化为脆性第二相Mg₁₇Al₁₂转换为高硬度第二相Al₂Gd。Al₂Gd在合金凝固时可作为非均质形核点,使合金的晶粒尺寸得到明显的细化,力学性能也得到提高(细晶强化)。此外,Al₂Gd作为热稳定相,在随后的热处理及热加工过程中,不会发生回溶或分解,因此其可以钉扎晶界,抑制晶粒异常长大。2011年有学者首次在含Gd的Mg-Al系合金中发现了LPSO相,但相比于Mg-Zn合金,目前Mg-Al系合金中关于LPSO的研究还比较少,LPSO相的潜力还未得到充分发挥。一般而言,Gd可提升铸态Mg-Al系合金的力学性能,但其对热处理态及热挤压态Mg-Al系合金力学性能的影响更为复杂,还需进一步探究。腐蚀行为方面,加入Gd不仅可以减少Mg-Al系合金晶界处Cu、Fe、Ni等有害杂质元素的偏析,抑制有害杂质元素带来的腐蚀,还可以使腐蚀产物膜更加稳定、致密,从而减缓腐蚀。当然,加入Gd后,Mg-Al系合金第二相的成分、含量、形态及分布发生了改变,导致第二相与基体相的电位差、第二相起到屏蔽腐蚀离子的作用发生改变,也会使合金的腐蚀行为发生相应变化。
本文综述了国内外含Gd的Mg-Al系合金的研究现状,介绍了Gd对Mg-Al系合金微观形貌、力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响,并分析了目前研究的不足,最后展望了含Gd的Mg-Al系合金的研究趋势。

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	杨静波

关键词: Mg-Al系合金 Gd 微观形貌力学性能腐蚀行为

Abstract: As an environmentally friendly engineering material in the 21st century, magnesium alloys show a great application prospect. Among various magnesium alloys, Mg-Al based magnesium alloys are the most widely used at present. Alloying has always been a significant method to improve the properties of magnesium alloys. In many studies about Mg-Al based alloys, the addition of rare earth element Gd is an important research direction.
In recent years, many researchers have carried out extensive studies on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg-Al-Gd alloys. In fact, when Gd is added to Mg-Al based alloys, the type and structure of the second phase would change with different Gd content. The most common one is the transformation from brittle second phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ to high hardness second phase Al₂Gd. The latter could act as a heterogeneous nucleation point during solidification. Additionally, it is thermally stable and would not dissolve or decompose in the subsequent heat treatment and hot working process. In other words, Al₂Gd could increase the nucleation rate, pin the grain boundary and restrain the abnormal grain growth. As a result, the grain size of the alloy is obviously refined and the mechanical properties are improved (fine grain strengt-hening). In 2011, some scholars found LPSO phase in Mg-Al based alloys containing Gd for the first time. However, compared with Mg-Zn alloy, the research on LPSO in Mg-Al based alloys is still relatively rare, and the strengthening effect of LPSO phase has not been fully utilized. Generally, Gd can improve the mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Al based alloys. But its effect on those of Mg-Al based alloys which subjected to heat treatment and/or hot deformation are more complex. Hence, further works are supposed to be carried out. In terms of corrosion behavior, the addition of Gd can reduce the segregation of harmful impurity elements such as Cu, Fe, Ni at the grain boundary. Besides, a much denser corrosion film could be achieved by adding Gd. Furthermore, the composition, content, morphology and distribution of the second phase are modified with Gd addition, leading to the change of potential difference between the second phase and the substrate, and the variation of shielding effect of the second phase. As a result, the corrosion behavior of the alloy is affected.
In this paper, the research progress of Mg-Al based alloy containing Gd at home and abroad is reviewed. The effects of Gd on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg-Al based alloys are introduced, and the shortcomings of the current research are analyzed. Finally, the research trend of Mg-Al based alloys containing Gd is prospected.

Key words: Mg-Al based alloys Gd microstructure mechanical properties corrosion behavior

出版日期: 2021-05-10 发布日期: 2021-05-31

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0301101);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1764253)

通讯作者: zhangdingfei@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 钟诗宇,2019年6月毕业于西南石油大学,获得工学学士学位。现为重庆大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在张丁非教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究方向为镁合金新材料。
张丁非,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事轻合金材料及加工技术研究。1984年本科毕业于浙江大学材料系,1987年获浙江大学工学硕士学位,1997年博士毕业于重庆大学材料学院。2003年美国康涅狄格大学公派访问学者,副教授。曾获教育部技术发明一等奖,重庆市科技进步一等奖,重庆市自然科学三等奖,累积发表论文300余篇,现为重庆大学国家镁合金材料工程技术研究中心副主任。

引用本文:

钟诗宇, 张丁非, 胥钧耀, 赵阳, 冯靖凯, 蒋斌, 潘复生, 杨静波. 含Gd的Mg-Al系合金研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(9): 9016-9027.
ZHONG Shiyu, ZHANG Dingfei, XU Junyao, ZHAO Yang, FENG Jingkai, JIANG Bin,
PAN Fusheng, YANG Jingbo. Research Progress of Mg-Al Based Alloys Containing Gd Element. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(9): 9016-9027.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20030207 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I9/9016

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