Research Progress on Preparation of Modified Silk by Feeding Method
CAI Haihua1,2,†, CHENG Lan1,3,†, LI Zhi1,2, CHEN Li1,2, TONG Xiaoling1,3, DAI Fangyin1,2,3
1 State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 2 Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Textile and Garment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 3 Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Abstract: Silk is a natural protein fiber that is widely used in textile, clothing, biomedicine and other fields. The formation of silk is a complicated process. Firstly, the silk fibroin proteins are synthesized in posterior silk gland. Then, liquid silk fibroin proteins are transported to the middle silk gland and are mixed together with sericin secreted in middle silk gland. These mixture are transported to the front of the silk gland and spinneret under the pressure of the lumens. The secondary structure of silk protein are adjusted and varied under the shear force through the muscular activity in silk-press area. These silk proteins are extruded quickly with the swinging of silkworm’s head and the solid silk fiber is formed finally. Although silk has excellent performance, it still has some defects such as poor antibacterial activity and low ultraviolet resistance, which limits the application of silk and the further development in silk industry. Modifying silk and endowing it new functions can expand the application field of silk and promote the development of silk industry. The feeding method, with the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, environmental protection and large-scale production, can modify the properties of silk in origin, and it is the most effective method to obtain modified silk in large scale. The choice of feeding ingredients is crucial in silkworm feeding method. First of all, feeding ingredients should be nontoxic. After feeding, the physical activities and the vital movement of silkworm should not be influenced. Secondly, the size of feeding ingredients must be the focus. Moreover, the selected ingredients must have outstanding properties. Combined with the above factors, nanoparticles become the preferred materials for feeding silkworm. Researchers have made some achievement through trial and exploration of different nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of silk are remarkably improved and the thermal stability of silk is also improved under the premise of the soft and smooth nature of silk fiber. So far, the mechanical properties of silk can be increased by 111.25% through the feeding of nanoparticles. The fluorescent silk has great application value in many fields including biomedical engineering, optics and optoelectronics. In recent years, a variety of methods have been used to prepare fluorescent silk, but most of them are not environment-friendly and difficult to have the mass production. Colored fluorescent silk has been obtained by feeding fluorescent dyes or rare earth phosphor to silkworms during their fifth instar. The fluorescence silk prepared by this method not only has the good fluorescence properties, but also has the excellent fluorescence stability. Howe-ver, the feeding of fluorescent materials may affect the physical activities and vital movement of silkworms and reduce the mechanical properties of silk. In order to prepare silk with different functions, researchers have utilized different types of feeding substances. The nitrogen-containing substances, superfine down powder,pigment and so on have been chosen to feed silkworm and the cocoon with good properties and modified silk with excellent mechanical properties have been gained. In this paper, the structure and properties of modified silk prepared by feeding nanoparticels, fluorescent materials and other ingredients were reviewed in detail. The effect of different feeding ingredients on silk structure, mechanical properties and thermal stability were discussed objectively. And the future study and development trend of the silkworm feeding method were proposed.
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2020, Vol. 34 
