Abstract: Porous zirconia materials are equipped with many advanced properties, such as the high specific surface area and extremely low thermal conductivity that is derived from their porous structures, as well as the good biocompatibility and chemical stability coming from the intrinsic pro-perties of zirconia. According to reported literature, the porosity and pore size greatly affect the thermodynamic performance of porous zirconia materials, while the morphology of the pores governs their permeability and capability in thermal shock resistance. Generally, the applications of porous zirconia materials substantially rely on their pore structures, therefore it is of great significance to review the recent fabrication methods that can achieve different types of pores in zirconia. The prevailing fabrication methods for porous zirconia can be classified into three types:physical, chemical and phase separation (combination of the first two methods) methods. In recent years, the different methods to control pore structures have attracted worldwide attention. Basically, each pore-forming approach has its unique controlling mechanics to realize the goal structure of the pores. Typically, the products formed using physical methods are equipped with high mechanical performances, whereas their maximum porosity is quite limited. On the other hand, the chemical pore formation methods can offer high controllability over the micro-structure, but the preparation processes are inclined to generate toxic liquids or gases. Compared with the former two kinds of methods, phase separation can systematically adjust the porosity and micro-structure by designing the precursor reagents, nevertheless, this approach has strict requirement on the solution composition as well as the preparation environment. Although each pore forming method has its own pros and cons, phase separation is gaining more and more research interest for its great advantages in designing and achieving desirable porosity and pore structure. The technical key to conducting this approach is to properly formulate the precursor solution and to match the degrees of phase separation and gelation, in order to freeze the desirable two-phase condition with the gelling process and further acquire the suitable porous ceramic material. In this review, we have concluded diverse fabrication methods for porous zirconia materials, and also have discussed and compared the typical features of the as-produced samples. Based on the reported data, we try to define the current challenges and the corresponding potential solutions in the research field of porous ceramics, which may pave the way for designing and preparing future porous zirconia with more advanced properties.
通讯作者:
*梁帅帅,北京科技大学机械制造及自动化系副教授。2010年7月本科毕业于中国矿业大学电力工程学院,2015年7月在北京航空航天大学航空学院工程力学专业取得博士学位,2015—2017年在清华大学机械工程系进行博士后研究工作。2019—2020年在哈佛大学工程与应用科学学院担任访问学者。主要从事微流控成形制造及机械表面工程研究工作。近年来,作为项目负责人主持国家自然科学基金1项、中国博士后科学基金1项、中央高校科研业务费3项。作为主要项目成员参与国家级课题3项、省部级课题2项、横向合作项目5项。已在国际高水平期刊Small、Journal of the American Ceramic Society、Carbon、Langmuir等上发表SCI论文20余篇。liangss@ustb.edu.cn
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2023, Vol. 37 
