油茶果壳高值化利用研究进展

材料导报

2020, Vol. 34

Issue (Z1): 120-127

无机非金属及其复合材料

油茶果壳高值化利用研究进展

刘竹¹, 杨守禄^1,2, 姬宁¹, 罗扬¹, 许杰¹, 吴义强²

1 贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳 550005;
2 中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙 410004

Research Progress on Higher Value Application of Camellia Oleifera Shells

LIU Zhu¹, YANG Shoulu^1,2, JI Ning¹, LUO Yang¹, XU Jie¹, WU Yiqiang²

1 Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China;
2 School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

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摘要油茶(Camellia oleifera abel) 是我国特有的木本食用油料树种,属山茶科山茶属,在南方有大面积的种植。油茶果壳是油茶果实加工后产生的副产物,随着油茶产业的兴起,每年都会产生大量的油茶果壳。过去油茶果壳的处理方式通常为填埋或直接燃烧,这不仅造成了资源的浪费,还产生了环境污染等问题。对其进行充分利用有助于解决油茶果壳的处理问题,也是提升油茶附加值的重要途径,同时为废弃生物质材料的再生利用开辟了新方向,具有广阔的市场空间和应用前景。活性炭的制备是油茶果壳最普遍的研究,由于油茶果壳复杂的成分和特殊的结构,不同工艺所制备的活性炭性能差异大,且最佳制备工艺还尚无定论。近年来,研究人员不断在活化工艺方面进行优化,并且制备出不同功能的生物质炭衍生材料。此外,根据油茶果壳的多种成分,以油茶果壳为基体的复合材料、茶皂素的提取及其中不同成分的利用已成为当前研究的焦点。油茶果壳成分中所含有的纤维素、半纤维素及木质素作为木质复合材料基体与其他材料的相容性还有待进一步研究;茶皂素、水溶性多糖及类黄酮等物质使得油茶果壳成为众多应用的理想原料,如吸附、脱色、抗癌、抗氧化等。本文从油茶果壳的各种成分及结构特征切入,介绍了油茶果壳在油茶果壳基复合材料、活性炭及茶皂素的提取及应用方面的最新研究,同时结合当今研究的热点如纳米纤维素材料、电极材料等,介绍了油茶果壳在其中积极的作用,以期为油茶果壳的高值化利用提供依据。

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关键词: 油茶果壳活性炭茶皂素油茶果壳基复合材料

Abstract: Camellia oleifera Abel is the main woody edible oil tree unique to China with a large area planted in the south.With the rise of Camellia oleifera industry, a large number of Camellia oleifera shell which is a by-product of the processing of Camellia oleifera fruit is produced every year. In the past, the treatment of Camellia oleifera shell was usually landfill or direct combustion, which not only wasted resources, but also caused environmental pollution and other problems. Full utilization of them can reduce environmental pollution, and increase the additional value, displaying extensive market potential and application prospect. The preparation of activated carbon is the most common study of Camellia oleifera fruit shell. Because of the complex composition and special structure of Camellia oleifera fruit shell, the properties of activated carbon prepared by different processes differ greatly, and the optimum preparation process is still uncertain.In recent years, researchers have been continuously optimizing the activation process and preparing biomass carbon derivatives with different functions. In addition, according to the various components of the shell of Camellia oleifera, research on the composite material based on the shell of Camellia oleifera, extraction of tea saponin and the utilization of different components have become the focus of current research. Further research is needed to improve the compatibility between the shell of Camellia oleifera and other materials.In addition, tea saponins, water-soluble polysaccharides and flavonoids make the shell of Camellia oleifera an ideal raw material for many applications, such as adsorbents, decolorants, anticancer, antioxidant, etc. Herein, the latest research on the extraction and application of Camellia oleifera shell composites, activated carbon and tea saponin was introduced from the components and structu-ral characteristics of Camellia oleifera shell. At the same time, combining with the hotspots of current research, such as nano-cellulose materials and electrode materials, the active role of Camellia oleifera shell in the extraction and application of Camellia oleifera shell was introduced, providing a basis for the high value utilization of Camellia oleifera shell.

Key words: Camellia oleifera shells activated carbon tea saponin Camellia oleifera shell based composite

发布日期: 2020-07-01

ZTFLH:

TS229

基金资助: 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科服企[2018](4003);黔科合平台人才[2018]5252);贵州省林业科研课题(黔林科合[2019]3号;黔林科合[2019]5号;黔林科合J字[2019]07号)

作者简介: 刘竹,2016年毕业于南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,获工学学士学位;2019年毕业于南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,获木材科学与技术硕士学位。现就职于贵州省林业科学研究院林业产业研究所。主要从事生物质复合材料、木竹材改性、木材鉴定以及木质材料检测方面科研工作;杨守禄,2011年毕业于西南林业大学,获木材科学与工程专业学士学位,2014年毕业于中南林业科技大学获木材科学与技术硕士学位,2017年开始攻读中南林业科技大学木材科学与技术博士学位。现就职于贵州省林业科学研究院,助理研究员,主要从事木竹材功能性改良和生物质复合材料研究。近年来,主持完成贵州省自然科学基金、贵州省科技支撑计划等项目3项,作为骨干成员参与完成贵州省科技重大专项2项,发表学术论文10余篇。

引用本文:

刘竹, 杨守禄, 姬宁, 罗扬, 许杰, 吴义强. 油茶果壳高值化利用研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(Z1): 120-127.
LIU Zhu, YANG Shoulu, JI Ning, LUO Yang, XU Jie, WU Yiqiang. Research Progress on Higher Value Application of Camellia Oleifera Shells. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(Z1): 120-127.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/ 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2020/V34/IZ1/120

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