Advances in Clean Extraction of Nickel,Cobalt and Lithium to Produce Strategic Metals for New Energy Industry
DONG Bo1, TIAN Qinghua1,2,*, XU Zhipeng1,2, LI Dong1,2, WANG Qing’ao1, GUO Xueyi1,2,*
1 School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2 Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Abstract: As the beginning of the new energy vehicle industry chain, nickel, cobalt, and lithium resource extraction determines its development lifeline. However, the primary mineral resources of nickel and cobalt in China are seriously lacking, and with the exhaustion of nickel sulfide ore, fo-reign laterite nickel ore has become the main raw material for nickel and cobalt extraction. At present, reduction sulfidation smelting and high-pressure acid leaching are the two main processes for producing battery grade nickel sulfate from laterite nickel ore. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, the parallel development of the two processes can increase the certainty of nickel sulfate supply and meet the huge demand for nickel and cobalt in the new energy field. Lithium resources are rich, but the endowment is not good, 80% lithium occurs in salt lake brine, and there is a long-term dependence on imported lithium ore. Among the existing lithium extraction technologies from salt lakes, the new lithium extraction process formed by the integration and coupling of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and adsorption has been verified by industrialization in several salt lakes and has broad prospects for popularization and application. In addition, the research and development of the new synergistic extraction system (TBP/P507-FeCl3) has basically solved the problems existing in the original extraction system, which is expected to be industrialized and applied. The rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry has led to an exponential increase in the output of retired batteries, and recycled metals are expected to become an important supplement to raw ore metal resources. However, due to a wide variety of lithium cathode materials, the current recovery system is not perfect. In the process of deep recovery and treatment of cathode materials, an acid-base system is used in the leaching system, which is easily causes secondary pollution. Therefore, a new leaching system should be further developed to find a mild and practical leaching method. In summary, energy metal extraction should be oriented by products, and the whole life cycle technology system from resources to materials to battery application and recycling should be constructed. The resources in short supply should be controlled by advanced technology, and the sustainable development of our new energy industry should be guaranteed.
董波, 田庆华, 许志鹏, 李栋, 王青骜, 郭学益. 新能源战略金属镍钴锂资源清洁提取研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(22): 22090071-15.
DONG Bo, TIAN Qinghua, XU Zhipeng, LI Dong, WANG Qing’ao, GUO Xueyi. Advances in Clean Extraction of Nickel,Cobalt and Lithium to Produce Strategic Metals for New Energy Industry. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(22): 22090071-15.
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2023, Vol. 37 
