纳米纤维素材料在重金属废水治理中的应用

doi:10.11896/cldb.21030120

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (6): 21030120-8 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21030120

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

纳米纤维素材料在重金属废水治理中的应用

陶正凯, 荆肇乾^*, 王郑

南京林业大学土木工程学院,南京 210037

Application of Nanocellulose Materials for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals

TAO Zhengkai, JING Zhaoqian^*, WANG Zheng

School of Civil Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China

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摘要纤维素是自然界中来源最广泛的天然高分子材料,近年来引起了能源、环境和材料等领域研究者的广泛关注。结合可再生生物质材料与纳米科技制备的纳米纤维素基重金属吸附材料具有可降解、可再生、环境相容性好、吸附量大、可选择性吸附等优势,是重金属治理技术重要的研究方向。
然而,天然纳米纤维素在水体中会存在大量由羟基形成的氢键,导致材料的吸附容量降低、特异性吸附能力削弱。为此,一方面可以在制备纳米纤维素吸附材料时通过化学改性、酶化处理等手段引入活性基团或金属氧化物,提高材料分散性、特异性吸附性能和吸附容量等。另一方面,可将纳米纤维素与天然矿物、有机材料、氧化石墨烯等复合,制备高性能复合材料。纳米纤维素材料的化学改性研究相对成熟,但是酶法处理研究仍然处于起步阶段,目前有限的研究主要关注特定酶处理的反应进程及产物,缺乏多重适应性和工程应用性分析。在实际应用中,纳米纤维素除了直接制备粉末吸附剂外,往往制备成凝胶材料、杂化或复合材料等,或者进一步加工成纳滤膜、滤纸和过滤器等净水材料。
基于此,本文从制备技术、吸附机理、改性强化和应用形式等角度简要介绍纳米纤维素基重金属吸附材料的最新研究进展,重点讨论纳米纤维素吸附材料的化学改性和酶法处理的改性机理、工艺路径和应用效果,分析纳米纤维素吸附材料的常见应用形式,结合纳米纤维素重金属吸附材料的研究现状展望其在重金属废水治理中的发展趋势,以期为纳米纤维素材料在重金属治理中的应用研究提供参考。

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	陶正凯
	荆肇乾
	王郑

关键词: 重金属纳米纤维素吸附材料改性复合材料

Abstract: Cellulose, which is the most widely found natural polymer material, has attracted significant attention in the fields of energy, environment and materials science. Nanocellulose-based heavy metal adsorbent materials, which are prepared by combining renewable biomass materials with nanotechnology, are degradable, regeneratable and environmentally friendly. In addition, they show high adsorption capacity and selective adsorption. Therefore, their synthesis has attracted significant research attention for heavy metal treatment technology.
However, for natural nanocellulose, a large number of hydrogen bonds are formed by hydroxyl groups in aqueous media, which reduce the adsorption and specific adsorption capacities of the material. Therefore, active groups or metal oxides are introduced during the preparation of nanocellulose-based adsorbent materials through chemical modification and enzymatic treatment, among other methods, to improve the dispersion, specific adsorption performance, and adsorption capacity of the materials. In contrast, high-performance composites can be obtained by compounding natural nanocellulose with natural minerals, organic materials, and graphene oxide. The chemical modification of nanocellulose materials has been investigated extensively; however, the enzymatic treatment has not been investigated in detail yet. Specifically, the limited stu-dies so far have focused on the reaction processes and products of specific enzymatic treatments; however, there is a lack of studies focusing on multiple adaptations and engineering applicability analysis. In practical applications, nanocellulose is often directly made into powder adsorbents; however, it is also prepared as gel, hybrid, or composite materials. In some cases, it is further processed into water purification materials, such as nanofiltration membranes, filter papers, and filters.
This paper briefly introduces the latest research progress in the field of nanocellulose-based heavy metal adsorbent materials from the viewpoints of preparation technology, adsorption mechanism, modification enhancement, and application form. This paper focuses on the modification mechanisms, process paths, and application performances of chemical modification and enzymatic treatment of nanocellulose-based adsorbent materials, and it analyzes the common application forms of these materials. Finally, based on the current status of research, this paper discusses the development trend of nanocellulose-based heavy metal adsorbent materials for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals to provide references for their applications for heavy metal removal.

Key words: heavy metal nanocellulose adsorbent material modification composite material

发布日期: 2023-03-27

ZTFLH:	O636.9
	X703

基金资助: 国家科技支撑计划(2015BAL02B04);住房和城乡建设部科技项目(2015-K7-012); 江苏省高校优势学科(PAPD)

通讯作者: *荆肇乾,南京林业大学土木工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。1997年获得山东建筑大学给水排水专业学士学位,于2003年、2006年分别获得东南大学环境工程专业硕士学位、博士学位。2012—2013年,任日本东北大学客员研究员。以第一作者/通信作者在Bioresource Technology、Science of the Total Environment、《环境科学学报》等国内外学术期刊上发表论文100余篇。主要从事水污染控制理论与技术研究。zqjing@njfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陶正凯,2018年6月毕业于南京林业大学,获得工学学士学位。现为南京林业大学土木工程学院硕士研究生,师从荆肇乾教授,主要研究领域为污废水深度处理技术。

引用本文:

陶正凯, 荆肇乾, 王郑. 纳米纤维素材料在重金属废水治理中的应用[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(6): 21030120-8.
TAO Zhengkai, JING Zhaoqian, WANG Zheng. Application of Nanocellulose Materials for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(6): 21030120-8.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21030120 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I6/21030120

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