1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China 2 Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China 3 Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
Abstract: Compared with lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have the advantages of low cost, abundant raw materials, good cycle stability and rate performance. Hence, a growing number of researchers have joined the basic research and engineering exploration of sodium-ion batteries because of the increasing demand for low-cost energy storage technologies. With regard to the sodium-ion battery system, the anode materials significantly influence the energy density of the battery, as well as the cycling performance and safety. Recently, anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2), among many anode materials, has gradually become a research hotspot for sodium-ion battery on account of its low self-discharge, high safety, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and relatively high sodium-ion deintercalation potential. Yet, since TiO2 is a semiconductor material, the sluggish ionic diffusivity and poor electronic conductivity severely hinder the performance under high rates and long-term cycling conditions. Therefore, anatase TiO2 needs to be modified to improve its electrical conductivity. This study systematically reviews the effects of different modification methods, such as microstructure adjustment, defects (oxygen vacancy and heteroatom doping) and compounding with conductive matrix. In addition, the research and applications of anatase TiO2 as sodium-ion anode in the future are also prospected.
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