High Frequency Induction Welding Technology and Defect Formation Mechanism of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel
WANG Chao1, CHEN Qi1, XIAO Shuguang1, DONG Shijie1, XIE Zhixiong1, LUO Ping1, XIE Jianying2
1 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China 2 Wuhan Botal New Materials Technology Co.,Ltd., Wuhan 430058, China
Abstract: The high-frequency induction welding technology was used to conduct the welding test on 316 austenitic stainless steel with a wall thickness of 0.3 mm. The influence of welding process on the macro morphology of weld, microstructure and mechanical properties of joint was studied, and the formation mechanism of welding defects was discussed. The results show that when the opening angle is small, the burr is formed by ellipsoid hump defect, and the hump defect decreases with the increase of opening angle. When the welding points are gathered with water stains, welding spatter is prone to occur. When the heat input is 16.5 kJ/m and the welding speed is 80 m/min, the opening angle is 6°, and with the edge of the steel strip dry and clean, the defect-free continuous burr morphology can be obtained. The microstructure of the weld is austenite and δ-ferrite. The average hardness of the weld zone reaches 289HV, and the average tensile strength of the joint is about 920 MPa, which is higher than that of the base metal (760 MPa). The high strength of the weld can be attributed to the extrusion of brittle impurities from the weld by the pressure of the extrusion roller, which improves the bonding ability between grains, and the good formation of the weld, with a result that the grain structure in the weld area is fine, and a large number of δ-ferrites precipitate at the austenite grain boundary hindering the dislocation movement. A flow model of molten metal is proposed to analyze the formation mechanism of hump defects, that is, the opening angle is small during welding, and the equilibrium state inside the molten metal is destroyed with the aggregation of molten metal in a short time to form humps. When the opening angle increases to a suitable one, the welding remains stable and eventually forms a continuous burr.
1 Wang Z R, Zuo S C, Zhang S B, et al. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2020, 41(2), 18 (in Chinese). 王子然, 左善超, 张善保, 等. 焊接学报, 2020, 41(2), 18. 2 Rosso M, Grande M A. Journal of Achievements in Materials & Manufacturing Engineering, 2007, 21(2), 97. 3 Li H, Liu D, Ma Q, et al. Science and Technology of Welding and Joi-ning, 2018, 24(1), 1. 4 Cakmak E, Vogel S C, Choo H. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2014, 589, 235. 5 Gardner L. Thin-Walled Structures, 2019, 141, 208. 6 Saha S, Mukherjee M, Pal T K. Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance, 2015, 24(3), 1125. 7 Hidiroglu M, Serce O, Karabulut H, et al. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, 2018, 4, 263. 8 Xin L J, Su H, Zhou Q, et al. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(3), 57 (in Chinese). 辛立军, 苏海, 周岐, 等. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(3), 57. 9 Liu J W, Zeng P W, Rao Z H, et al. Journal of Central South University, 2019, 26(8), 2088. 10 Kim D, Kim T, Park Y, et al. Welding Journal-New York, 2007, 86(3), 71. 11 Zhang W, Zhao G, Fu Q. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2018, 736, 276. 12 Udhayakumar T, Mani E. Journal of Material Science & Engineering, 2017, 6(2), 1. 13 Ghaffarpour M, Akbari D, Moslemi Naeeni H, et al. Welding in the World, 2019, 63(6), 1561. 14 Kavousi Sisi A, Mirsalehi S E. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015, 24(4), 1626. 15 Zhao W D. Hebei Metallurgy, 2007(4), 85 (in Chinese). 赵卫东. 河北冶金, 2007(4), 85. 16 Liu A M, Liu F T. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2015, 38(11), 29 (in Chinese). 刘爱民, 刘法涛. 焊管, 2015, 38(11), 29. 17 Bi Z Y, Yan P L, Yu H, et al. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2016, 39(8), 1 (in Chinese). 毕宗岳, 严培林, 余晗, 等. 焊管, 2016, 39(8), 1. 18 Wang C, Xie Z X, Luo P, et al. Materials Reports B: Research Papers, 2021, 35(22), 22132 (in Chinese). 王超, 谢志雄, 罗平, 等. 材料导报:研究篇, 2021, 35(22), 22132. 19 Zhang W P, Zhang G L, Zhang Y G, et al. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2019, 42(9), 1 (in Chinese). 张万鹏, 张高兰, 张亚刚, 等. 焊管, 2019, 42(9), 1. 20 Li J Q. Welded Pipe and Tube, 1996 (1), 3 (in Chinese). 李锦旗. 焊管, 1996 (1), 3. 21 Guo Z, Zhang L, Zhou W, et al. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(14), 73 (in Chinese). 郭震, 张理, 周伟, 等. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(14), 73. 22 Meng X, Qin G, Zou Z. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 117, 508. 23 Huang Y Y. Steel Pipe, 2000(6), 31 (in Chinese). 黄友阳. 钢管, 2000(6), 31. 24 John C L, Damian J K. Welding metallurgy and weldability of stainless steels, John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2005. 25 Kang C, Shi C, Liu Z, et al. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020, 59, 772. 26 Folkhard E. Welding metallurgy of stainless steels, Springer Science & Business Media, GER, 2012. 27 Zhang Z S, Ning D J. Welding Technology, 1990 (5), 11 (in Chinese). 张则甡, 宁道俊. 焊接技术, 1990 (5), 11.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2022, Vol. 36 
