HAN Xueying, LIU Xinli, WU Zhuangzhi, DUAN Bohua, WANG Dezhi
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Abstract: The surface properties of materials can directly affect whether the materials can be used in a specific environment for a long time. As a common surface modification method, surface coating technology can improve the properties of the substrate such as wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature stability by coating one or more layers of metal or non-metal on the substrate. Refractory metals and their alloys, intermetallic compounds, carbides, nitrides, etc., have become the most potential coating materials in aerospace, defense and military industries due to their excellent high-temperature strength, good resistance to liquid metal corrosion, plastic processing and ot-her characteristics. The preparation methods for refractory metal coatings include thermal spraying, laser cladding, vapor deposition, etc., and related technologies are still being optimized and innovated to meet increasingly severe service conditions. For example, high velocity oxygen fuel spraying and supersonic plasma spraying technology have been developed on the basis of traditional thermal spraying. Researchers combined laser cladding with cold spraying technology, developed laser-assisted cold spraying technology, and also proposed a solid carburizing method to obtain refractory metal carbide coatings. On the basis of refractory metal, alloy and carbide coatings, researchers have continuously improved the wear resis-tance and high temperature resistance of the coatings through composition and process optimization. Ni-W, Ni-Mo, Ta nanocomposite film and Mo2C composite coating with unique properties and high hardness WN coating are also obtained. Due to the limitations of single coating application, the development of composite coatings with different functions have become a research hotspot, such as refractory metal sulfide composite coatings with lubricating properties, Mo2Si composite coatings, etc. According to the advantages brought by grain refinement, a variety of preparation technology for composite nanoscale film has yet to be developed. In addition, in the recovery of refractory metal coatings, the research on the recovery and extraction technology of WC coatings is more in-depth, but the proportion of refractory metal recycling in China is relatively low. The key technology for efficient and clean recovery of refractory metals from coatings needs to be developed. This article describes different types of refractory metal-containing coatings, including metal-based alloy coatings, ceramic coatings (mainly including carbide coatings, nitride coatings, silicide coatings, sulfide coatings), and refractory high entropy alloy coatings. The application fields of different coatings, preparation methods and recovery strategies of refractory metals are reviewed. The problems faced in the current research are pointed out, and the research direction of refractory metal coatings in the future is prospected.
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2020, Vol. 34 
