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材料导报  2020, Vol. 34 Issue (1): 1080-1094    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19100229
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用于电阻式柔性应变传感器的导电聚合物复合材料研究进展
任秦博1,王景平1,,杨立2,李翔3,王学川4
1 陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,西安710021
2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第一输油处,西安710021
3 陕西科技大学电子信息与人工智能学院,西安710021
4 陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,西安710021
Research Progress of Conductive Polymer Composites for Resistive Flexible Strain Sensors
REN Qinbo1,WANG Jingping1,,YANG Li2,LI Xiang3,WANG Xuechuan4
1 Key College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,Xi'an 710021,China
2 Key Changqing Oilfield Branch Company of CNPC,The First Oil Transportation Department,Xi'an 710021,China
3 Key School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence,Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,Xi'an 710021,China
4 Key College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,Xi'an 710021,China
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摘要 作为物联网的触角,传感器迎来了新的发展机遇。而随着可穿戴行业的发展,电阻式柔性应变传感器在人体穿戴实时监测、机器人仿生皮肤、医学健康跟踪、运动肢体捕捉以及生产振动检测等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。聚合物导电复合材料是电阻式柔性应变传感器最常用的应变传感核心材料,具有柔性好、应变检测范围大以及成本低的优势。
但现有的基于聚合物导电复合材料的传感器普遍存在迟滞明显、线性度低、导电网络稳定性差的缺点,此外对于某些复合材料在应变过程中的导电机理阐释也存在缺陷。因此,近年来诸多学者从聚合物导电复合材料导电机理、不同导电填料的特性、聚合物本身特性以及不同的制备工艺等方面开展了大量的研究工作。在解释聚合物导电复合材料的导电机理方面,目前多采用渗流理论解释其导电过程。目前聚合物导电复合材料所用的导电填料主要分为碳系导电填料和金属系导电填料两大类,由于碳系导电填料的导电稳定性好、价格低,是目前使用的主流。而目前使用的聚合物基体主要分为硅橡胶、天然橡胶以及聚氨酯三大类,硅橡胶主要用于小应变、高灵敏度传感器,天然橡胶主要用于大应变传感器。而聚合物导电复合材料的制备工艺主要分为填充式、夹心式、吸附式三种,填充式的传感器应变范围较大,而夹心式和吸附式传感器应变范围相对较小。
本文对聚合物导电复合材料的导电机理、导电填料、聚合物基体以及不同制备工艺进行了归纳和分析,并展望了柔性应变传感用聚合物导电复合材料今后可能的研究热点和发展趋势。
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任秦博
王景平
杨立
李翔
王学川
关键词:  应变传感  导电聚合物复合材料  导电机理  导电填料  聚合物基体  制备工艺    
Abstract: As the tentacles of the internet of things, the sensor is facing the new development opportunity. With the development of the wearable industry, the flexible resistance-strain sensor shows broad application prospects in the fields of human body wearable real-time monitoring, robot bionic skin, medical health tracking, moving limb capture and production vibration detection, etc. Conductive polymer composites are the most commonly used core materials for the flexible resistance-strain sensor, which possess the advantages of excellent flexibility, large strain detection range and low cost.
However, the resistance-strain sensors based on conductive polymer composites have several shortcomings, such as obvious hysteresis, low linearity and unstable conductive network. The conduction mechanism of conductive polymer composites during the strain process was not interpreted clearly. Therefore, many scholars have done a great deal of researches on the fields of conduction mechanism, conductive filler, polymer matrix and preparation process. Currently, the percolation theory has been widely used to explain the conductive behavior of conductive polymer composites for resistance-strain sensor. The conductive fillers of conductive polymer composites mainly include carbon and metal materials. The carbon material is the main conductive filler due to its low cost and stable pathway. The polymer matrixes of conductive polymer composites mainly include silicone rubber, natural rubber and polyurethane. The silicone rubber is often used to the low-strain sensor and the natural rubber is often used to the large-strain sensor. The preparation processes of conductive polymer composites mainly include filling-type, sandwich-type and adsorption-type. The sandwich-type and adsorption-type sensors process a low strain range and the filling-type sensor processes a large strain range.
The conduction mechanism, conductive filler, polymer matrix and preparation process of conductive polymer composites for flexible resistance-strain sensor are summarized and analyzed in this paper. The research hotspots and the future development trend of conductive polymer compo-sites are prospected.
Key words:  strain sensing    conductive polymer composites    conductive mechanism    conductive filler    polymer matrix    preparation method
                    发布日期:  2020-01-15
ZTFLH:  TB33  
基金资助: 国家自然基金委自由申请项目(21776169);西安市科技计划项目(2017068CG/RC031〈SXKD007〉);陕西科技大学博士启动基金(BJ16-10)
通讯作者:  wangjingping@sust.edu.cn   
作者简介:  任秦博,2016年6月毕业于陕西科技大学,获得工学学士学位,现为陕西科技大学化学与化工学院硕士研究生,在王景平副教授的指导下进行研究,目前主要研究领域为电阻式柔性传感器的导电复合材料。
王景平,陕西科技大学化学与化工学院副教授、硕士研究生导师,1997年7月本科毕业于大连工业大学,2011年11月在西安交通大学电信学院取得电子科学与技术博士学位,2012年至2013年在香港理工大学进行博士后工作,主要从事高分子材料的成型加工、储能高分子材料以及电化学污水处理的研究工作。
王学川,陕西科技大学副校长,二级教授,轻工技术与工程学科带头人,博士研究生导师,兼任国家教育部高等学校轻工类专业教学指导委员会副主任委员,中国皮革协会技术委员会副主任,四川大学制革清洁技术国家重点实验室学术委员会委员,中国皮革协会科技委员会副主任,国家自然科学经济委员会项目评审专家,中国工程院表面活性剂开发促进会理事、全国皮革工业标准委员会制革分委员会委员。“中国皮革”编审和国内外有关专业期刊的编委、审稿人。入选国家科技部等8部委“新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选”,享受国务院政府特殊津贴,获国家技术发明二等奖1项,国家级教学成果二等奖1项,省部级科技奖励7项,陕西省教学成果特等奖、一等奖各1项。
引用本文:    
任秦博,王景平,杨立,李翔,王学川. 用于电阻式柔性应变传感器的导电聚合物复合材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(1): 1080-1094.
REN Qinbo,WANG Jingping,YANG Li,LI Xiang,WANG Xuechuan. Research Progress of Conductive Polymer Composites for Resistive Flexible Strain Sensors. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(1): 1080-1094.
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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.19100229  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2020/V34/I1/1080
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