Research Progress on Anode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries
LAN Binxu1,†, ZHANG Wenwei1,†, LUO Ping1, TANG Chen1, TANG Wen1, ZUO Chunli1, DONG Shijie1,2, CHEN Lineng3
1 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China 2 Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Abstract: Secondary batteries have been widely applied due to their high energy density, wide electrochemical window, and highly reversible cycle, however, the organic electrolytes of traditional secondary batteries are expensive, flammable and toxic. Compared with organic electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes have the advantages of high ionic conductivity, high power density, simple manufacturing and low cost. Therefore, researchers pay more attentions to novel secondary aqueous batteries which using a neutral or weakly acidic inorganic-salt aqueous solution as electrolyte. In particular, metal zinc has been considered as promising anode material for large-scale energy storage owing to its abundant reserves, nontoxicity, low redox potential (-0.76 V) and high theoretical capacity (820 mAh·g-1). Hence, the rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) is extremely attractive in recent years. In fact, AZIBs still face the problems of the zinc dendritic, low plating/stripping columbic efficiency and insufficient utilization of zinc anode. The zinc dendritic usually originate from uneven Zn2+ distribution on the Zn foil, while low coulombic efficiency is caused by hydrogen evolution reaction of zinc electrode and generation of irreversible side-products. At present, the optimization of zinc anode materials for AZIBs have been focused on the following four points: (ⅰ) Optimizing the structure of the zinc electrode. Zinc negative electrode with 3D or porous type structure have more sites for zinc deposition/dissolution and limit the growth of zinc dendrite. (ⅱ) Application of additives. Adding inorganic or organic substances to the negative electrode material, which could change the hydrogen evolution potential, corrosion potential and polarization behavior of zinc, reduces hydrogen evolution corrosion of zinc and the formation of side-products, etc. (ⅲ) Formation of the functional protection layer. The protection layer is beneficial to the uniform deposition/dissolution of zinc and inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites. (ⅳ) Introducing the conductive material. On the one hand, the addition of a conductive material to the zinc negative electrode can improve the conductivity of the electrode; on the other hand, it will make for the uniform deposition/dissolution of zinc. These methods of modifying the zinc negative electrode can increase the stability of the anode material, so that the cycle stability and coulombic efficiency of AZIBs are effectively improved. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the structure and working principles of the AZIBs. Secondly, the research progress of anode materials for AZIBs has been mainly discussed by the following chapters,including the challenges and optimization strategies of zinc anode materials. Finally, this paper has made a promising prospect for the development of anode materials for AZIBs, which will provide important ideas for the preparation of zinc anode materials.
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