Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Abstract: Sb-base anode materials are considered as a promising material for sodium ions batteries (SIBs) and have attracted close attention of researchers, due to its higher theoretical specific capacity and lower cost than carbon materials. Although Sb metal has many advantages such as good safety performance and easy to synthesis, some problems still exist during the repeated charging/discharging processes:(1)due to the larger volume expansion, sodium ions irreversible detaching freely which declines its cycling efficiency;(2)the crystal structure collapse and material pulverization can bring about the cycle stability of electrode materials diminish and the capacity greatly reduce. The electrochemical properties of Sb metal have been greatly enhanced by means of morphology and structure regulation.Even so, it is still unable to effectively solve the problem of low charging and discharging efficiency and rapid capacity decay arisen from volume expansion of Sb metal during cycling.In order to solve this problem, Sb/C composite materials and Sb-base alloy materials were designed and developed.Sb/C composite materials makes use of the advantages of carbon materials, such as good flexibility, excellent conductivity and adjustable morphology and structure, etc, so that the cycling performance of modified electrode material has been improved to some extent. The reaction mechanism of Sb-based non-metallic compound materials, such as Sb oxides and Sb sulfides, is the coexistence of alloying reaction and transformation reaction mechanism, so both can contribute capacity, making such materials have a higher specific capacity.In order to stabilize structural properties and restrain volume expansion at the same time, other composite materials of Sb with complex structure but excellent electrochemical performance can be constructed. In this paper, some common Sb-based(Sb metal, Sb/C compounds, alloy, oxides, sulfides and other composites of Sb)anode materials for SIBs are introduced. Meanwhile,different materials of their storage mechanism of sodium, performance characteristics, existing problems and optimization methods for electrochemical performance are compared and analyzed. It was worth noting that single modification method cannot greatly improve the electrochemistry properties of these materials. A more effective way is to apply various modification methods comprehensively, such as optimum structure, well control of alloy composition as well as select better reducing agents, binders and electrolyte additives, etc. Finally, challenges of Sb-based anode materials for sodium ion batteries and their future commercial application are presented.
1 Kubota K, Dahbi M, HosakA T,et al. Chemical Record, 2018, 18(4),459. 2 Zhang Y J, Zhu Z Y, Dong P, et al. Acta Physico-ChimicaSinica, 2017, 33(6), 1085(in Chinese). 张英杰, 朱子翼, 董鹏, 等.物理化学学报, 2017, 33(6), 1085. 3 Goriparti S,Miele E D,Angrli S, et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2014,257, 421. 4 Yabuuchi N, Kubota K, Dahbi M, et al. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23), 11636. 5 Kim S W, Seo D H, Ma X H, et al. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012, 2(7),710. 6 Vignarooban K, Kushagra R, Elango A, et al. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(4), 2829. 7 Slater M D,Kim D,Lee E, et al. Advanced Functional Materials, 2013, 23(8), 947. 8 Obrovac M N,Chevrier V L, et al.Chemical Reviews,2014, 114(23),11444. 9 Hwang J Y, Myung S T, Sun Y K. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(12), 3529. 10 Bommier C, Ji X. Small, 2018, 14(16), 1703576. 11 Ong S P,Chevrier V L, Hautier G J, et al. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(9),3680. 12 Zhang Y J, Zhu Z Y, Dong P, et al. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(11), 4106(in Chinese). 张英杰, 朱子翼, 董鹏, 等.化工进展,2017,36(11),4106. 13 Yabuuchi N, Kubota K, Dahbi M, et al. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23), 11636. 14 Scrosati B, JÜrgen G, et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(9),2419. 15 Choi J H, Ha C W, Choi H Y, et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 386, 34. 16 Hwang Y, Myung S T, Sun Y K,et al. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(12), 3529. 17 Liu Z M, Song T P, Ungyu J H, et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(18), 8159. 18 Lee C W, Kim J C, Park S, et al. Nano Energy, 2015, 15, 479. 19 Xu X,Zhou D, QinX, et al. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1), 3870. 20 Baggetto L,Hah H Y,Jumas J C, et al.Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 267, 329. 21 He J, Wei Y Q, Zhai T Y, et al. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 2018, 2(3),437. 22 Darwiche A, Marino C, Sougrati M, et al. Journal of American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(51), 20805. 23 Li Z, Tan X, Li P, et al. Nano Letters, 2015, 15, 6339. 24 He K, Kravchyk K, Walter M, et al.Nano Letters, 2014, 14(3), 1255. 25 Hou H, Jing M, Yang Y, et al. ACS Applied Material Interfaces, 2014, 6(18), 16189. 26 Song J H, Yan P F, Luo L L, et al. Nano Energy, 2017, 40, 504. 27 Liu Z M,YuX Y, Lou X W,et al.Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9, 2314. 28 Gu J, Du Z, Zhang C J, et al.Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7, 1700447. 29 Wang J Z, Yang J, Yin W Y, et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5, 20623. 30 Wu L, Hu X, Qian J, et al.Energy & Environmental Science, 2014, 7(1), 323. 31 Walter M, Dosward S, Kovalenko M V, et al.Journal of Materials Che-mistry A, 2016, 4,7053. 32 Nie L, Gan Y, Cheng X, et al.Advanced Function Materials, 2016, 26,43. 33 Wang L, Wang C, Zhang N, et al.ACS Energy Letters, 2016, 2(1), 256. 34 Liu S, Feng J K, Bian X F, et al.Energy & Environmental Science, 2016,9(4), 1229. 35 Farbod B, Cui K, Kalisvaart P W, et al. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(5),4415. 36 Yi Z,Han Q,Han X, et al.Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 315(1), 101. 37 Li Z, Tan X, Li P, et al.Nano Letters, 2015, 15(10), 6339. 38 Nguyen L T, Salunkherb T T, Vo T T, et al.Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 414,470. 39 ZhuY, Nie P, Shen L,et al. Nanoscale, 2015, 7, 3309. 40 Chen C, Fu K, Lu Y, et al. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(39), 30793. 41 Wang N, Bai Z, Qian Y, et al.ACS Applied Material Interfaces, 2017, 9, 447. 42 Luo W,Calas A,Tang C, et al.ACS Applied Material Interfaces, 2016, 8(51), 35219. 43 Duan J,Zhang W,Wu C, et al.Nano Energy, 2015, 16,479. 44 Hou H S, Jing M J, Huang Z D, et al.ACS Applied Material Interfaces, 2015, 7, 19362. 45 Lu Y Y, Zhang N, Jiang S H, et al.Nano Letters, 2017, 17(6), 3668. 46 Yoon S K, Manthiram A.Chemistry of Materials, 2009, 21(16), 3898. 47 Wang N B, Qian Z, Yang Y, et al.Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(21), 4126. 48 Li P X, Guo X, Wang S J, et al.Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2019, 7, 2553