Research Progress on Anode Materials and Electrolytes of Aluminum-Air Battery
WU Zibin1, SONG Sensen1, DONG An1, YANG Zongwu1, LI Xueke1, QIN Ke1, ZHANG Haitao1, BAN Chunyan1, LI Baomian1, CUI Jianzhong1, Hiromi Nagaumi2
1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110006 2 School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215100
Abstract: Currently, metal-air batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high energy density and capacity, stable discharge characteristics, low dependence on load and temperature, and low manufacturing costs. Among them, lithium-air batteries have been extensively investigated by virtue of their widespread application potential. However, lithium-air batteries are extremely sensitive to the surrounding environment, and are prone to cause explosion hazards that threaten personal safety. Furthermore, the mass production and application have led to a sharp rise in the price of lithium resources. For the sake of realizing commercial applications of batteries, selecting rich resources and low cost of electrode materials are extremely vital. Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the earth’s crust with a series of superior merits such as wide source, light quality, no pollution, safety, low price and high recovery efficiency, which is considered to be a potential energy storage material. Utilizing the aluminum as electrodes, it shows unique performance, for instance, heoretical mass specific capacity of aluminum is 2 980 mAh·g-1, second only to lithium (3 860 mAh·g-1), its volumetric specific capacity (8.04 Ah·cm-3) is four times higher than that of lithium (2.05 Ah·cm-3), making it an ideal candidate anode material for metal-air batteries and one of the most attractive alternatives to fossil fuels. However, the passivation film formed by aluminum on the surface of air and aqueous solution significantly reduced the activity of aluminum anode material. In alkaline solution, the primal problem of aluminum-air battery is the high hydrogen precipitation rate, low Coulomb efficiency caused by the self-corrosion of the aluminum anode material, and capillary permeation and leakage in porous air cathode on account of the fluidity of the aqueous electrolyte. Hence, researchers have devoted great effort to ameliorate the activity of aluminum anode materials from the following aspects. Alloying elements like Ga, In, Sn, Zn, Mg, Bi and Mn have been introduced to change the activity of aluminium anode material and reduce hydrogen evolution reaction. Research on electrolyte additives have been carried out, and it is found that some plant extracts served as electrolyte additives are able to maintain the aluminum anode activity and reduce hydrogen evolution corrosion. Ionic liquid electrolytes, solid and gel electrolytes have been developed, which can reduce the aluminum anode corrosion and the volume of aluminum-air batteries, and increase the flexibility of battery. Currently, the anode materials for alkaline aluminum-air batteries exhibiting superior properties are Al-Ga/In-Mg series, Al-Ga/In-Mg-Sn series, and Al-Ga-In-Bi-Pb series alloys. Some of the aluminum anode alloys have already been adopted to daily life. In addition, green electrolyte additives such as extracts of lupin and extracts of nightshade leaves that can maintain the electrochemical activity of aluminum anodes and reduce the corrosion rate have been obtained in recent years. Moreover, the investigators indicated that oligo-hydrogen fluoride ionic liquids at room temperature are capable of activating aluminum anodes and reducing theirs corrosion rate, certain portable aluminum-air batteries with solid or gel electrolytes have been already utilized in care medical equipment and commercial LED watch. This paper chiefly discussed the effects of aluminum anode materials, electrolytes and electrolyte additives on the performance of aluminum-air batteries, and briefly expounded the basic principles, current challenges and recent developments and applications of aluminum-air batteries. Firstly, summarized the alloying of aluminum and alloying elements which can reduce the self-corrosion of aluminum and ameliorate the battery performance. Then, recommended several methods for enhancing the electrochemical performance of aluminum anodes by certain processing techniques. Besides, the writer probed the circumstances on applying water-solvent electrolytes and non-aqueous solvent electrolytes in aluminum-air batteries, and the effect of electrolyte additives on electrochemical performance of aluminum-air batteries. Finally, the future research and deve-lopment direction of air batteries was further clarified.
吴子彬, 宋森森, 董安, 杨宗武, 李雪科, 秦克, 张海涛, 班春燕, 李宝绵, 崔建忠, HiromiNagaumi. 铝-空气电池阳极材料及其电解液的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(1): 135-142.
WU Zibin, SONG Sensen, DONG An, YANG Zongwu, LI Xueke, QIN Ke, ZHANG Haitao, BAN Chunyan, LI Baomian, CUI Jianzhong, Hiromi Nagaumi. Research Progress on Anode Materials and Electrolytes of Aluminum-Air Battery. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(1): 135-142.
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2019, Vol. 33 
