Research Progress of Hydrogen Isotope Solubility Measurement in Liquid Li-Pb Alloy
WU Wenhao1,2, GUO Li2, ZHANG Zhi2, SONG Jiangfeng2, CHEN Chang'an2, WANG Guangxi1
1 College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610200, China 2 Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621700, China
Abstract: Liquid Li-Pb alloy can be used as neutron multiplier, tritium breeder and coolant. Therefore, the liquid Li-Pb alloy cladding is considered as a kind of breeder cladding which has a good prospect in DEMO or fusion power plants. In order to monitor the tritium transportation continuously in Li-Pb breeder cladding module and measure the tritium production rate of the liquid breeder accurately, we need to measure the concentration of hydrogen isotopes on-line in the flowing liquid breeder. The mechanism of the existing sensor is that, to measure the partial pressure of hydrogen in liquid metal by some means, and then to use the Sieverts law for calculation. Especially, the solubility coefficient of hydrogen isotopes is closely related to the accurate measurement of isotope concentration in liquid Li-Pb alloy. At present, the measurement values of hydrogen isotopes solubility coefficient of Li-Pb alloy by teams are quite different. On one hand, due to the extremely low solubility of hydrogen isotopes in liquid Li-Pb alloy, the influence of experimental error cannot be ignored; on the other hand, impurity effect will lead to the difference of solubility coefficient. Oxygen from air, water, CO will be introduced into Li-Pb to form Li2O. The reaction with oxygen will consume Li in liquid Li-Pb, which will lead to the decrease of Li activity and the solubility. Therefore, the content control of oxygen or other impurities is important for the practical application of Li-Pb. In recent years, the liquid Li-Pb hydrogen isotope sensors for on-line measurement mainly include metal permeation based sensor and solid electrolyte sensor. The former sensor has simple structure and high reliability. Researchers have made great achievements in material selection and device structure optimization. The current study has confirmed the feasibility of the dynamic measurement mode in the rapid on-line measurement of hydrogen isotope concentration in liquid Li-Pb. Nevertheless the problem to be solved is how to avoid the oxidation of metal probe mate-rials and ensure the stability of long-term work. The solid electrolyte hydrogen sensing technology is relatively mature, but reference gas needs to be introduced during the test, and the toughness of ceramic materials is poor, which requires higher requirements in device structure design and material selection. There are also some on-line hydrogen measurement technology of liquid metal. The probe uses porous ceramics to collect gas, which is mainly used for the measurement of hydrogen concentration in liquid aluminum. For the measurement of hydrogen in liquid Li-Pb alloy, we still need to explore the gas evolution of the material, the compatibility with Li-Pb alloy, and the feasibility of the measurement of very low hydrogen isotope concentration in Li-Pb. In this paper, the factors that affect the solubility of hydrogen isotopes in liquid Li-Pb alloy are briefly introduced, and then the study progress of the solubility coefficient of hydrogen isotopes in liquid Li-Pb alloy is reviewed, including its principle,experimental method and the difference of measurement values by different methods is discussed. In addition, this paper summarizes the investigation on the hydrogen isotope concentration sensor in the liquid Li-Pb alloy. Finally, the device optimization and future development of the hydrogen isotope concentration sensor in the liquid Li-Pb alloy are evaluated.
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2021, Vol. 35 
