Electrochemical Biosensors Fabricated Using Nanomaterials-based Biomimetic Enzymes for Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species: a Review
HAO Xijuan1, ZHAO Shenfei1,2, ZHANG Chunmei1, HU Fangxin1, YANG Hongbin1, GUO Chunxian1,2
1 Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; 2 Jiangsu Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Sensing and Biochip, Suzhou 215009, China
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are a class of oxygen-containing and active substances that are widely found in biological activities of human body. ROSs can be induced by ultraviolet radiation, chemicals and air pollution. Recent studies find that ROSs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and are signaling molecules for several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and cancers. To quantitively detect ROSs can be used as a promising diagnostic tool for these diseases. However, ROSs always have a short half-life time, and their concentrations in living cells/organisms are very low. Additionally, there are many biological interferences co-existing with ROSs. Therefore, to realize sensitive and selective detection of ROSs in (or released from) living cells/organisms is still a great challenge. Electrochemical biosensors have advantages of simple operation, low cost, and easy miniaturization, and particularly can be used as sensing platforms for detection of ROSs due to their fast response and high specificity. Performance of an electrochemical biosensor is largely dependent on the electrode material (sensing material) that directly interacts with target ROSs molecules. Thus, to design and fabricate desired electrode materials is very important to construct high-performance electrochemical biosensors, which can detect ROSs with high selectivity, high sensitivity, good linear range and low detection limit. Nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics while avoiding the disadvantages of low stability of natural enzyme. They have been explored as electrode materials for electrochemical biosensors to detect ROSs. Among various nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes, Prussian blue and manganese phosphate have attracted great attention and have widely used in detecting hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively. In this review, taking Prussian blue and manganese phosphate as examples, we summarize recent advances of electrochemical biosensors with nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes for detecting ROSs. We begin by firstly discussing the synthesis methods of the two materials. In the following section, we summarize the recent progress and development of Prussian blue and manganese phosphate based electrochemical biosensors, particularly focusing on exploring the relation between physicochemical properties of the two nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes and sensing performance of their electrochemical biosensors. Finally, opportunities of future development of such a research filed are prospected, and challenges faced by these nano-biomimetic enzymes in practical applications as well as possible solutions for the challenges are discussed and proposed.
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