柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状及展望

doi:10.11896/cldb.20040096

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (15): 15088-15093 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20040096

无机非金属及其复合材料

柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状及展望

陈利尧¹, 赵晓明^1,2,3

1 天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津 300387
2 天津市先进纤维材料与储能技术重点实验室,天津 300387
3 天津市先进纺织复合材料重点实验室,天津 300387

Research Status and Development Trend of Flexible X-ray Resistant Materials

CHEN Liyao¹, ZHAO Xiaoming^1,2,3

1 School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, Tianjin 300387, China
3 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Tianjin 300387, China

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摘要 X射线被广泛用于科研、工业和医学等领域。由于X射线对人体有害,使用X射线时需进行合理的防护,柔性X射线防护材料可开发防护围裙等装置。X射线防护材料通过光电效应、康普顿效应和电子对效应衰减X射线。铅的原子序数高、密度大、能屏蔽和衰减X射线,但具有毒性且质量大。传统含铅X射线防护材料有着寿命短、对特定能量的X射线防护性能低及透气性差等缺点。与含铅材料相比,使用高原子序数的W、Bi、Ta、Sn等材料开发的无铅柔性X射线防护纤维和织物具有无毒、屏蔽效率高、轻薄等优点,弥补了含铅材料的不足,是柔性X射线防护材料的发展趋势。本文综述了X射线防护材料的防护机理、评价指标及研究进展,重点从技术路线的角度归纳了无铅柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状,分析了使用纺丝法、涂层法存在的问题并展望了柔性X射线防护材料的发展前景。

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关键词: X射线柔性防护材料无铅材料纤维织物

Abstract: X-ray are widely used across science, engineering and medicine. However, extended exposure can be harmful to humans, and therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate protection when using X-rays. Flexible X-ray resistant materials are used in protective aprons and other devices. The X-ray resistant materials attenuate X-rays by the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect, and the electron pair effect. Lead has resis-tant effect on X-rays due to its high atomic number (Z) and density, however, it is a toxic and heavy metal. Traditional flexible X-ray resistant materials contain lead, often have a short service life, a weak absorption zone, and poor air permeability. Other high-Z elements, such as W, Bi, Ta and Sn, have been suggested as raw materials for developing new flexible X-ray resistant fibers and fabrics without the use of lead. They are advantageous over lead-based materials because of their non-toxicity, high shielding efficiency, lightness and thinness, and thus, they are beco-ming popular for manufacturing flexible X-ray resistant materials. This article summarizes the protection mechanism and evaluation indicators and research progress of X-ray resistant materials. Herein, recent research progress in the application of lead-free flexible X-ray resistant materials is summarized from the technical perspective, along with the problems of related spinning and coated methods. The potential in the development of lead-free X-ray resistant materials is evaluated.

Key words: X-ray flexible resistant materials lead-free materials fibers fabrics

出版日期: 2021-08-10 发布日期: 2021-08-31

ZTFLH:

TL75⁺2.3

基金资助: 2018年天津市自然科学基金重点项目(18JCZDJC99900);2018年天津市自然科学基金面上项目(18JCYBJC86600);2017年度天津市教委科研计划项目(2017KJ070)

作者简介: 陈利尧,天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在赵晓明教授指导下进行研究。从事柔性X射线防护材料和涂层织物防护性能研究。
赵晓明,天津工业大学纺织学院教授、博士研究生导师。中国产业用纺织品行业协会特种纺织品分会秘书长,主要从事柔性防护材料性能方面的研究,近五年在国内外重要期刊发表文章100多篇,申报发明专利20余项。

引用本文:

陈利尧, 赵晓明. 柔性X射线防护材料的研究现状及展望[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(15): 15088-15093.
CHEN Liyao, ZHAO Xiaoming. Research Status and Development Trend of Flexible X-ray Resistant Materials. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(15): 15088-15093.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20040096 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I15/15088

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