1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China 2 College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China 3 College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Abstract: As a new form of energy, metal-air batteries have the advantages of high theoretical energy density, low price, good safety, wide range of temperature and so on. At present, there are four types of metal-air batteries which are popular and widely studied, including zinc-air battery, aluminum-air battery, lithium-air battery and magnesium-air battery. Light alloy-air batteries use light alloy material with high energy density as anode, air electrode as cathode, alkaline or neutral salt solution as electrolyte, mainly including aluminum-air battery and magnesium-air battery. Aluminum and magnesium with high electrochemical capacity, low cost and abundant reserves are excellent candidate anode materials for metal-air batteries and regarded as a promising alternative to fossil fuels as an energy storage material. However, the performance of metal-air batteries using pure aluminum and pure magnesium is not good as expected at the beginning with enormous study problems. With the development of aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys, the application of light alloys in metal-air batteries greatly reduces the self-corrosion problem of metal anodes, improves the discharge activity of electrode and the overall performance of battery is significantly enhanced. For aluminum-air battery, the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy electrode decreases due to the doping of Sn, In, Ga, Mg and other elements, while the utilization rate of the anode increases and the passivation film on the electrode surface is destroyed which achieves the activation effect. In the case of magnesium-air battery, Al, Zn, Mn, Li and other alloying elements can improve the corrosion resistance and the discharge capacity of batteries is also improved. The addition of some rare earth elements can refine the grain of light alloys and improve the corrosion and passivation problems of light alloy electrodes. This paper introduces the basic principles of metal-air batteries, describes the performance of two types of light alloy-air batteries, analyzes the main problems existing in metal-air batteries and briefly introduces the solutions. This paper mainly focuses on the alloying mode of the anode of the battery and the performance of various light alloys in the batteries. The corrosion reasons and control measures in light alloy-air batteries are summarized and prospected.
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2020, Vol. 34 
