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材料导报  2019, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1190-1197    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.17120244
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
石油钻杆用7xxx系铝合金微观组织和性能的研究进展
王一唱1, 曹玲飞1,2, 吴晓东1, 邹衍1, 黄光杰1
1 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院,教育部轻合金材料国际合作联合实验室,重庆 400044
2 重庆大学电子显微镜中心,重庆 400044
Research Progress on microstructure and Properties of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys for Oil Drill Pipes
WANG Yichang1, CAO Lingfei1,2, WU Xiaodong1, ZOU Yan1, HUANG Guangjie1
1 International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (ministry of Education), College of materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044
2 Electronic microscope Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044
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摘要 铝合金具有密度低、强度高、耐酸性气体腐蚀等优点,其在石油钻探领域的应用优势逐渐引起了国内外学者的重视。铝合金石油钻杆在美国、俄罗斯等少数发达国家已被应用于钻探领域数十年,然而我国对铝合金石油钻杆的研究起步较晚,目前主要依靠进口,这极大地限制了我国钻采工业的发展,因此实现自主研发超强耐蚀铝合金钻杆具有很高的社会意义和经济效益。
Al-Zn-mg-Cu系超高强铝合金属于7xxx系铝合金,因具有很高的抗拉强度、较好的耐腐蚀性和高温冲击韧性,已成为当下最具发展潜力的铝合金钻杆用材料,也是我国近几年对高性能铝合金钻具材料的主要研究方向。
7xxx系铝合金的主要析出强化相是弥散分布的GP区和η'相。众所周知,合金的成分和组织决定其性能,因而通过改变热处理工艺和合金成分可以调控铝合金材料的性能。铝合金的热处理工艺流程主要包括均匀化、固溶和时效处理等。目前均匀化倾向于采用多级热处理制度,热处理后材料不仅会得到更为弥散细小的析出相,合金在后续热加工过程中的再结晶行为也会受到抑制。热变形后再经双级或多级固溶,合金中残余过剩相可有效溶解,其稳定性和综合性能得到提高。时效处理作为较关键的热处理步骤,也从传统单级处理向多级转变,一种新型的回归再时效(RRA)制度综合了单级和双级时效的优点,在保持铝合金较高强度的同时,又可获得较高的腐蚀抗力。因此,探索合适的热处理制度对提高钻杆用铝合金材料的综合性能有深刻的影响。
另外,优化合金成分也是提高铝合金性能的重要方式。研究发现,将石油钻杆用7xxx系铝合金的成分大致控制在Al-6~6.5Zn-2.0~2.8mg-1.6~2.0Cu范围内,其可获得较优的综合性能。此外,引入新的微合金元素,如mn、Zr、Cr及稀土元素等,可以显著细化铝合金晶粒,提高其再结晶温度,从而提高它的耐热性和耐腐蚀性,使其更好地满足石油钻杆在实际工况中的服役要求。
7xxx系铝合金虽具有诸多性能优势,但其在富氯气氛环境中耐蚀性较差,易发生应力腐蚀开裂,在海洋钻探领域服役时存在一定的失效风险。另外,7xxx系铝合金耐冲蚀磨损能力差,在钻探过程中易产生磨损,从而缩短了其使用寿命。今后的工作重点应从成分设计、材料制备及热处理工艺等方面来提高铝合金钻杆的高温强度,同时系统深入探讨上述因素对材料力学性能、电化学性能、耐磨性能的影响,并就这些性能的优化机理展开基础研究。
本文综述了国内外铝合金石油钻杆的研究现状、性能特点和生产工艺,重点归纳了钻杆用7xxx系铝合金的时效析出过程及其微合金化研究方面的进展,阐述了固溶和时效等热处理对7xxx系铝合金综合性能的影响,分析了铝合金石油钻杆耐腐蚀性能及磨损行为的表现。在此基础上,对我国石油钻杆用7xxx系铝合金目前存在的问题以及日后的发展方向进行了展望。
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王一唱
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邹衍
黄光杰
关键词:  石油钻杆  7xxx系铝合金  热处理  微合金化  腐蚀抗力    
Abstract: Nowadays, the applications of aluminum alloys in oil drilling industries have gradually attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad due to their low density, high strength and acid gas corrosion resistance,etc. Aluminum alloy oil drill pipes have been adopted in drilling field for decades in a few developed countries, such as America and Russia. However, domestic research on the start of aluminum alloy oil drill pipes was late, and they mainly rely on imports, which greatly limits the development of drilling industries in China. As a result, there are tremendous social and economic benefits to realize self-developed aluminum alloy drill pipes with super high strength and corrosion-resistant.
Al-Zn-mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloys with high tensile strength, good corrosion resistance and high temperature impact toughness at high temperature belong to 7xxx series aluminum alloys, they have become the most potential materials for aluminum alloy drilling pipes. In addition, they are also the main research direction of high performance aluminum alloy drilling tools for our country in recent years.
The main precipitation strengthening phases in 7xxx series aluminum alloy are distributed GP zones and η' phase. Asis known to all, the alloys' microstructures determine their performances. Therefore, the properties of the aluminum alloy materials can be controlled by changing the heat treatment processing and the composition. The heat treatment process of aluminum alloys mainly include homogenization, solid solution and ageing heat treatments. At present, homogenization tends to adopt a multi-stage heat treatment system, after heat treatment, not only more diffuse and fine precipitates are formed, but also the recrystallization behavior of the alloy will be suppressed. Subsequently, the alloys are treated via two-stage or multi-stage solid solution treatment, and the residual second phases can be effectively dissolved into the matrix, thus leading to the improvement of alloys' stability and comprehensive performance. As a more critical heat treatment step, ageing heat treatment transforms from traditional single-stage to multi-stage treatments as well. A new type of retrogression and re-ageing (RRA) treatment combines the advantages of both single and two-stage ageing. In other words, the alloy can obtain high corrosion resistance without sacrificing the strength after RRA treatment. Hence, exploring a suitable heat treatment system has a profound impact on the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy materials for drill pipes.
In addition,optimizing the alloy compositions is also a significant way to ameliorate the performance of aluminum alloys. It is found that the composition of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy used as oil drill pipes is generally controlled within the range of Al-6—6.5Zn-2.0—2.8mg-1.6—2.0Cu, and the superior comprehensive performance can be obtained. Besides, the introduction of new micro alloying elements, such as mn, Zr, Cr and some rare earth elements, can significantly refine the grain of the aluminum alloys and increase their recrystallization temperature, thereby improving their heat resistance and corrosion resistance, making them more to meet the service requirements for oil drill pipes in actual working conditions.
Although the 7xxx series aluminum alloys have many performance advantages, they are prone to stress corrosion cracking due to the poor corrosion resistance in chlorine-rich atmosphere environment, and there is a certain risk of failure in service in the field of marine drilling field. What's more, 7xxx series aluminum alloys have poor erosion and wear resistance as well, and they are prone to wear during drilling, thereby shortening their service life. Future work should be focused on improving the high-temperature strength of aluminum alloy drill pipes from the aspects of composition design, material preparation and heat treatment process. meanwhile, mechanical properties, electrochemical properties and wear-resis-tant properties should be evaluated systematically and the optimization mechanism of these properties should be studied.
In this paper,the current research status, mechanical properties and production process of aluminum oil drill pipes at home and abroad are reviewed. The progress of ageing precipitation sequence and microalloying research of 7xxx series aluminum alloys for drill pipes were generalized systematically. moreover, the effects of heat treatments including solid solution and ageing on the mechanical properties of 7xxx series aluminum alloys are expounded in detail, and the corrosion resistance and wear behavior of aluminum oil drill pipes are analyzed as well. Based on these, some current problems and further development directions on 7xxx series aluminum alloys used for China's oil drill pipes are prospected.
Key words:  oil drill pipe    7xxx series aluminum    heat treatment    microalloying    corrosion resistance
               出版日期:  2019-04-10      发布日期:  2019-04-10
ZTFLH:  TE921  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0300901);重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究(cstc2017jcyjAX0245)
通讯作者:  caolingfei@cqu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  王一唱,2016年6月毕业于重庆大学,获得工学学士学位。现为重庆大学材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,在曹玲飞研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要从事石油钻杆用7xxx系铝合金组织与性能的研究。曹玲飞,重庆大学材料学院研究员。于1999年、2002年、2006年在中南大学材料学院材料物理与化学专业先后获得本科、硕士和博士学位。博士毕业后先后担任日本东京大学工学部日本学术振兴会(JSPS)博士后 , 澳大利亚monash大学轻合金研究中心研究员。2014年起为重庆大学材料学院中心实验室“百人计划”研究员。研究领域为材料显微组织与性能的关系,目前共发表SCI论文60余篇,包括Acta materialia, materials Science and Engineering A, Applied Physics Letters等杂志。
引用本文:    
王一唱, 曹玲飞, 吴晓东, 邹衍, 黄光杰. 石油钻杆用7xxx系铝合金微观组织和性能的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(7): 1190-1197.
WANG Yichang, CAO Lingfei, WU Xiaodong, ZOU Yan, HUANG Guangjie. Research Progress on microstructure and Properties of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys for Oil Drill Pipes. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(7): 1190-1197.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.17120244  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2019/V33/I7/1190
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