Research Status of Microstructure and Properties Control of Steel for Heavy Drill
JIANG Bo1, LIU Yazheng1, ZHOU Leyu2, ZHANG Chaolei1, CHEN Lie3, WANG Guocun3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083; 2 Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Technology, Beijing 100083; 3 Qinghai Special Steel Engineering Technology Research Center, Xining Special Steel Co., Ltd., Xining 810005
Abstract: Rock drill tool is made of spindly bars including drill bit, drill rod and shank. It is mainly used to drill rock in the construction projects, such as mining, road construction, hydropower construction, urbanization and so on. The heavy drill tools will be severely worn by the rock and eroded by the high pressure water or air and mine water in working condition. Besides, it will also bear the high-frequency impact more than 3 000 times per minute from piston in rock drill. At the same time, the heavy drill tools hit the rock with high speed in the working condition of tension-compression, bending and torsion. Consequently, high quality steel for heavy drill tools should have good combination of strength and toughness to ensure the wear and shock resistances, good processing performance and resistance to corrosion. The microstructure of drill steel is determined by the systematic manufacturing processes including the control of the purity and microstructure uniformity of rolled products, the control of forming process of drill tool and the control of carburizing process and heat treatment microstructures. Consequently, it is very important to systematically investigate the drill steel in order to improve the quality and service life. The failure of drill tool was analyzed and the microstructures and properties of high quality drill tools at home and abroad were compared. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there is large amount of lower bainite at the transition zone between the outer surface and the matrix of high quality drill tools which can provide a good microstructure transition for the hard surface and ductile center. This is one of the reasons why there are differences in the quality of different drill tools. To improve the fatigue life of heavy drill tools, the morphology, size and quantity of inclusions in rolled bars should be controlled to improve the purity and the banded microstructure should be improved to promote the uniformity. Besides, it is the most remarkable to improve the fatigue life by optimizing the carburizing and heat treatment processes. The effects of carburizing parameters on the distribution of carbon content, microstructure and hardness should be considered comprehensively in order to avoid the formation of retained austenite at the surface of carburized layer and to avoid the reduction of the hardness. In addition, the cost of carburizing process should also be considered. For the quenching and tempering processes after carburizing, the cooling way of quenching is the key factor influencing the toughness and distribution of microstructure and properties of drill steel after carburizing. The optimal microstructure design of heavy drill tools should be as follows: high carbon martensite with high hardness and wear resistance at the surface, mixed microstructure of martensite and lower bainite at the transition zone, ductile bainite at the center and carburized layer with smoothly transitional microstructures and properties. In this paper, the service condition and performance requirements of each part of the heavy drill tool were concluded. The failure way of heavy drill tool at present and the comparison of the microstructures and properties of the drill tools at home and abroad were both introduced. In addition, the key factors to control the microstructure and property of the steel for heavy drill tool were analyzed. At last, the conclusion and expectation were made to fulfill the systematic control of the microstructure and property of the steel for heavy drill tool.
蒋波, 刘雅政, 周乐育, 张朝磊, 陈列, 王国存. 重型钎具用钢组织性能控制的研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(5): 854-861.
JIANG Bo, LIU Yazheng, ZHOU Leyu, ZHANG Chaolei, CHEN Lie, WANG Guocun. Research Status of Microstructure and Properties Control of Steel for Heavy Drill. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(5): 854-861.
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2019, Vol. 33 
