Progress on Magnetically Responsive Oil Absorption Materials
LIANG Guangbing1, LI Yanhong1,2, ZHANG Yuanqin1, ZI Changyu1, ZHAO Wenbo1, ZHANG Dengfeng1
1 School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 2 State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Coal Science and Technology Co-founded by Shanxi Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024
Abstract: The oil pollutants in the ocean mainly are from oil recovery and blowout, oil leakage from transport ships and oil pipelines. With the rapid growth of global energy consumption, oil extraction and transportation have become frequent. However, the problem derived from this process is also serious. It is estimated that the annual oil spill in the world is as high as 400 000 t on average. Large-scale marine oil spill treatments mainly include three methods: physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. Among them, chemical methods such as in-situ combustion and dispersant degradation are high costs and secondary damage to the environment. Biolo-gical methods such as microbial decomposition are very demanding on natural conditions. Physical methods such as using mechanical devices (skimmers or booms ) require to input energy or high pressure operation. None of these methods adequately meet the requirements for oil spill treatment. Recently, a method for oil-water separation which used a magnetically modified superhydrophobic/lipophilic oil absorption material has been originally proposed. These materials are mainly composed of clay (silica), zeolite, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, polymers, wool and straw. The magnetic response of the material are imparted by embedding or coating of the ferric oxide nanoparticles. Adsorbent materials which have high porosity, high specific surface area and rich pore structure can be designed and prepare magnetic oil absorption materials that are superior to traditional methods in oil removing, oil recovery and operating cost after magnetic particles modified. The magnetically oil absorption materials based on polymers are the most widely studied. The polymer sponge coated with magnetic nanoparticles can absorb up to 50 g/g, and all have an efficiency close to 95%. Other materials have also been reported. These magnetic oil absorption materials have three major characteristics: (1) high oil absorption efficiency and stable oil absorption; (2) oil-locking performs well and adsorbed oil is difficult to desorb; (3) easy to recycle and reuse. This review explains the mechanism of oil absorption and magnetic modification, analyzing oil absorption tests and recycling experiments of typical magnetic oil absorption materials, advantages and disadvantages of various types of oil absorption materials in the process of oil spill are poin-ted out. Among them, fly ash zeolites which are magnetically modified have been specially proposed. Latest research in the field of solid waste resources is put forward. Hope to be significant for relevant fields in China.
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2019, Vol. 33 
