锂离子电池硬炭负极的储锂机理及储锂性能优化进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.23050097

材料导报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (13): 23050097-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.23050097

无机非金属及其复合材料

锂离子电池硬炭负极的储锂机理及储锂性能优化进展

舒琦琪, 连斐, 梁陈利, 张庆堂^*

兰州理工大学石油化工学院,兰州 730050

Progress in Lithium Storage Mechanism and Optimizing Lithium Storage Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries

SHU Qiqi, LIAN Fei, LIANG Chenli, ZHANG Qingtang^*

School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

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摘要硬炭负极因其高比容量、高倍率快充和不析锂无膨胀等特性而具有良好的研究价值和应用前景,其对锂离子电池(LIBs)的性能起到关键作用。近年来,众多学者对硬炭负极展开了大量研究,尤其是硬炭的储锂机理和储锂性能的优化策略。本文首先概述了硬炭的形成过程和储锂机理,为设计高性能硬炭负极提供理论基础和科学依据;其次分别基于生物质和聚合物两类前驱体,综述了硬炭负极在制备工艺、结构调控、形貌设计和杂原子掺杂等改性策略上的最新进展,并提出共轭微孔聚合物硬炭有望作为未来硬炭储锂性能优化的方向之一;最后探讨了硬炭作为LIBs负极面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

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关键词: 锂离子电池硬炭负极储锂机理性能优化

Abstract: The hard carbon anode has significant research value and promising application prospects due to its excellent specific capacity, high-rate fast charging capability, absence of lithium branches crystal, and lack of volume expansion behavior. It plays a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In recent years, numerous scholars have conducted extensive research on hard carbon anodes, particularly focusing on the lithium storage mechanism and the optimizing strategies of lithium storage performance. This article provides an overview of the formation process and lithium storage mechanism of hard carbon. It offers a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for designing high-performance hard carbon anodes. This paper subsequently summarizes the latest advancements in preparation techniques, structural regulation, morphology design, and heteroatom doping for modifying hard carbon anodes. These advancements are based on two categories of precursors:biomass and polymers. Furthermore, conjugated microporous polymers hard carbon is proposed as a future direction for optimizing lithium storage performance. Finally, the challenges and future research directions for hard carbon as anodes are discussed.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries hard carbon anode lithium storage mechanism performance optimization

出版日期: 2024-07-10 发布日期: 2024-08-01

ZTFLH:

TM912

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(21968016;21466020)

通讯作者: ^*张庆堂,工学博士,兰州理工大学石油化工学院教授、硕士研究生导师。2000年毕业于信阳师范大学化学系,获理学学士学位。2003年毕业于中山大学物理科学与工程技术学院物理系,获工学硕士学位,同年进入中国科学院成都有机化学研究所工作。2005年开始在该所攻读博士学位,2008年获工学博士学位,同年进入兰州理工大学石油化工学院工作。目前主要从事锂离子电池电极材料、纳米功能材料的合成及在化学电源方面的应用研究。在Journal of Materials Chemistry A、 Electrochimica Acta、Journal of Alloys and Compounds等著名学术期刊上发表SCI/EI收录学术论文近50篇;申请发明专利13项,已授权9项。zhqt137@163.com

作者简介: 舒琦琪,2019年于攀枝花学院获得工学学士学位,同年进入成都拓利科技担任研发工程师。2021年至今为兰州理工大学石油化工学院硕士研究生,在张庆堂教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为锂离子电池硬炭负极材料。

引用本文:

舒琦琪, 连斐, 梁陈利, 张庆堂. 锂离子电池硬炭负极的储锂机理及储锂性能优化进展[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(13): 23050097-10.
SHU Qiqi, LIAN Fei, LIANG Chenli, ZHANG Qingtang. Progress in Lithium Storage Mechanism and Optimizing Lithium Storage Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(13): 23050097-10.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.23050097 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2024/V38/I13/23050097

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