低温金属离子电池负极材料的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21120080

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (17): 21120080-15 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21120080

无机非金属及其复合材料

低温金属离子电池负极材料的研究进展

于贺川, 熊兴宇, 胡仁宗^*

华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东省先进储能材料重点实验室,广州 510641

Research Progress on Anode Materials for Low Temperature Metal-ion Batteries

YU Hechuan, XIONG Xingyu, HU Renzong^*

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

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摘要环境污染与温室效应的日益严重促进了清洁二次能源的发展与利用。具有高能量密度、环境友好等特性的锂离子电池成为最佳的储能载体。但当温度低于0 ℃时,传统石墨负极难嵌锂,电池性能急剧恶化,且低温充电时易析锂引发安全问题。为了满足锂离子电池的低温应用需求,通过改变电解液成分使其熔点降低,并调节SEI成分与去溶剂化过程,能够降低电荷转移阻抗,但石墨负极的本质属性使其低温应用受到限制。为从根源上解决锂离子电池低温性能差的问题,需要寻找具有适中工作电位、高离子扩散能力、高容量的新型负极材料替代传统石墨负极。
嵌入式负极材料中,钛酸锂和二氧化钛具有较好的低温与倍率性能,但能量密度较低,应用范围受到限制,研究重点在于进一步挖掘其低温高倍率能力,使其应用在较为恶劣的服役环境中。合金的嵌锂反应在低温下较易进行,并且能够提供较高容量,其是极具潜力的锂离子电池低温负极材料,可以通过复合结构设计与表面改性提升其低温性能与循环寿命。基于转化反应的负极材料通常具有较高的赝电容效应,较快的表面反应受温度的影响较小,能够在低温下实现快速的充放电,通过纳米结构设计等方法能够进一步增强材料的赝电容效应。尽管Na、K、Mg等新型金属离子电池能量密度较低,但资源丰富,并且本征低温性能优于锂离子电池,在寻找与之适配的负极材料后有望成为重要的低温储能器件。
本文根据金属离子在负极材料中的存储方式来分类,综述了低温锂离子电池以及新型金属离子电池负极材料的研究进展,并展望了低温负极材料的发展趋势。

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关键词: 锂离子电池钠离子电池低温性能负极材料

Abstract: The increasingly serious environmental pollution and greenhouse effecthave promoted the development and utilization of secondary energy sources. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is environmentally friendly and has high energy density, which undoubtedly becomes the most promising energy storage carrier. However, it is still not completely satisfied for the wide temperature applications, especially in sub-zero field. At low-temperature, lithium ions are difficult to insert into graphite anode and easily deposite to form lithium dendrite during charging, which makes the performance of battery deteriorating sharply, and causes serious safety problems. In order to well perform the LIBs at low temperature, many researchers have tried to introduce different additives into the electrolyte, which improves the composition of SEI and desolvation process of lithium ions, greatly reducing the charge transfer resistance. However, the commercial graphite anode has a poor ionic diffusivity and very low lithiation potentials, which seriously affect the low temperature performance of LIBs. Therefore, it is necessary to seek alternative anode materials with better cold resistance.
Among the intercalation anode materials, lithium titanate and titanium dioxides have good low-temperature performance. However, their low energy density limits their wide application. The research of titanium based anodes focus on further enhancing their high-rate capability at low temperature. The Li-alloying reactions in alloy-based anode materials are easy to take place at low temperature. And in particular, the moderate lithiation potentials of alloys also enable the anodes having high capacity and higher safety at low temperature. The conversion-type anode mate-rials usually have higher pseudo capacitance effect, and their rapid surface reaction is less affected by temperature change. These ensure fast charge-discharge capability for the conversion anodes at low-temperature. New type metal-ion batteries (Na-ion, K-ion, Mg-ion) have been widely attracted due to their abundant resources and the better intrinsic low-temperature performance than LIBs. They could be important alternative energy storage divides for low-temperature applications as assembling with the suitable anode materials.
This review summarizes the research progress of anode materials, classified with the storage mechanism of metal ions, for lithium-ion battery and metal-ion battery anode materials for low-temperature application. The development trends of low-temperature anode materials have been also prospected.

Key words: Li-ion battery Na-ion battery low-temperature performance anode material

出版日期: 2023-09-10 发布日期: 2023-09-05

ZTFLH:

TM912

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52071144;51822104;51831009;51621001);广州市重点研发计划项目(202102040001)

通讯作者: *胡仁宗,华南理工大学材料学院教授、博士研究生导师。2005年本科毕业于大连理工大学材料系,2011年博士毕业于华南理工大学材料加工工程专业。主要从事锂离子电池材料的应用基础研究。主持国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划课题等科研项目15项。迄今以第一/通信作者在 Adv.Mater.、Acta Mater.、Energy Environ.Sci.、Adv.Funct.Mater.、Energy Storage Mater.等国际学术期刊上发表 SCI 论文140篇,获授权发明专利 23项。2018年获国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金资助,2019年获中国热处理学会周志宏青年科技成就奖,2021年获广东专利奖金奖。msrenzonghu@scut.edu.cn

作者简介: 于贺川,2019年6月毕业于华南理工大学,获得工学学士学位。现为华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在胡仁宗教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为锂离子电池低温负极材料。

引用本文:

于贺川, 熊兴宇, 胡仁宗. 低温金属离子电池负极材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(17): 21120080-15.
YU Hechuan, XIONG Xingyu, HU Renzong. Research Progress on Anode Materials for Low Temperature Metal-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(17): 21120080-15.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21120080 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I17/21120080

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