聚氨酯基聚合物电解质的应用进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.20060009

材料导报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (5): 20060009-9 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20060009

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

聚氨酯基聚合物电解质的应用进展

侯璞, 张九州, 寻之玉, 霍鹏飞

东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院,哈尔滨 150040

Application Progress of Polyurethane-based Polymer Electrolytes

HOU Pu, ZHANG Jiuzhou, XUN Zhiyu, HUO Pengfei

College of Materials and Science Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

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摘要随着人类社会经济和科学技术的迅猛发展,能源巨大消耗为人类生产生活带来了潜在的压力,解决能源的高效转化和储存问题迫在眉睫,新型能源转化和储存器件的研究及开发已成为当前的研究热点。以聚合物为基体材料的聚合物电解质赋予了电解质更高的强度和更优良的柔韧性,使二次电池和超级电容器在柔性可穿戴设备领域展现了巨大的应用潜力。
聚氨酯由不相容“软段-硬段”的两相结构构成,软段呈橡胶态,赋予材料一定的柔韧性,而由极性基团形成的分子硬段呈玻璃态,可以作为分子间的物理交联点。聚氨酯展现出从“刚性塑料”到“弹性橡胶”的广泛性能调控性,具有优良的分子可设计性,是聚合物电解质的重要基体材料之一。
聚氨酯可以通过分子设计、增塑改性、复合改性等手段提升聚合物电解质的综合性能。随着研究的不断深入,聚氨酯的分子结构设计和改性方法不断增多,因此,聚氨酯基聚合物电解质的综合性能也不断提升,从而使其能够广泛应用于锂离子电池、固态超级电容器等柔性储能器件之中。
本文根据聚氨酯基电解质的组成结构差异,综述了应用于电化学器件的聚氨酯基聚合物电解质的国内外研究进展,着重介绍了聚醚型聚氨酯基聚合物电解质、聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯基聚合物电解质、共聚改性(聚硅氧烷改性、丙烯酸酯改性)聚氨酯基聚合物电解质及复合改性聚氨酯基聚合物电解质,并展望了聚氨酯基聚合物电解质未来在电化学储能元件领域的发展前景。

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	侯璞
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关键词: 聚氨酯聚合物电解质改性锂离子电池超级电容器

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy and technology, huge energy consumption has brought potential pressure to the world. Efficient conversion and storage of energy is the key problem urgent to be solved. Novel energy conversion and storage devices, therefore, attract a lot of attention. The polymer electrolytes based on polymers as the matrix material exhibit high strength and flexibility, making secondary batteries and supercapacitors have great potential application in the field of flexible wearable devices.
Polyurethane is composed of a two-phase structure of incompatible soft segment-hard segment. The soft segment is in a rubbery state, which endows the material with good flexibility, while the hard segment formed by polar groups in a glass state can act as the physical cross-linking point. The polyurethane with excellent molecular designability exhibits a wide range of properties from rigid plastic to elastic rubber, so that it can be regarded as one of the important matrix materials of polymer electrolytes.
Polyurethane can enhance the comprehensive performance of polymer electrolyte by means of molecular design, plasticizing modification and composite modification. The molecular structure design and modification methods of polyurethane are emerging and gradually deepening, which improves the comprehensive properties of polyurethane-based polymer electrolytes. Therefore, the polyurethane has been widely investigated in flexible energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and solid-state supercapacitors.
In this paper, the research progress of polyurethane-based polymer electrolytes applied in electrochemical devices is reviewed and classified according to the composition structures of polyurethane-based electrolytes. Polyether-type polyurethane electrolytes, polycarbonate-type polyurethane electrolytes, copolymerizing modified (polysiloxane modified and acrylate modified) polyurethane-based polymer electrolytes and composite modified polyurethane-based polymer electrolytes are introduced emphatically. Meanwhile, the development trend of polyurethane-based polymer electrolyte in the field of electrochemical energy storages is prospected.

Key words: polyurethane polymer electrolyte modification lithium ion battery supercapacitor

出版日期: 2022-03-10 发布日期: 2022-03-08

ZTFLH:

TQ323

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51603032);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572017EB06;2572018BB01)

通讯作者: huopengfei@nefu.edu.cn

作者简介: 侯璞,现为东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院生物材料工程在读博士研究生,在霍鹏飞副教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究方向为聚氨酯基聚合物电解质在超级电容器上的应用。
霍鹏飞,东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院副教授,硕士研究生导师。2010年7月本科毕业于吉林大学化学学院,2015年6月获得吉林大学高分子化学与物理专业理学博士学位。主要从事聚合物电解质及储能元件的研究工作,发表论文10余篇,并获得授权专利2项。

引用本文:

侯璞, 张九州, 寻之玉, 霍鹏飞. 聚氨酯基聚合物电解质的应用进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(5): 20060009-9.
HOU Pu, ZHANG Jiuzhou, XUN Zhiyu, HUO Pengfei. Application Progress of Polyurethane-based Polymer Electrolytes. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(5): 20060009-9.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20060009 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I5/20060009

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