Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Ammonium Polyphosphate-Tannic Acid-Melamine/Epoxy Resin Composites
LU Yuxin1, LU Lingang2,*
1 Graduate School, Chinese People's Police University, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China 2 Department of Scientific and Technology, Chinese People's Police University , Langfang 065000, Hebei, China
摘要 传统膨胀型阻燃剂由酸源聚磷酸铵(APP)、碳源季戊四醇(PER)和气源三聚氰胺(MEL)按质量比3∶1∶1的配比组成。现将生物质单宁酸(TA)替代PER并与APP和MEL复配成绿色膨胀型阻燃剂应用于环氧树脂中,考察不同配比的酸源APP、新型碳源TA和气源MEL添加到环氧树脂(EP)中对复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:当新型膨胀型阻燃剂的添加量为20%(质量分数),APP、TA、MEL质量比为9.71∶6.61∶3.68时,所得到的阻燃EP-3复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)值增长到38.80%,UL-94测试达到V-0级;锥形量热测试表明EP-3的热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、总热释放(THR)、总烟气生成量(TSP)和一氧化碳释放率平均值(av-CO)与添加传统膨胀型阻燃剂EP-0相比分别下降48.96%、14.33%、26.83%和28.01%,这说明APP/TA/MEL绿色膨胀型阻燃剂具有优异的协同阻燃效果;其次,通过TG、DTG和 SEM 分析可推测,该阻燃剂的阻燃机理为气相和固相协同阻燃机理,特别是该阻燃剂可促使基材形成致密强度高的炭层从而较大地提升固相阻燃效果。另外,力学性能测试表明,新型碳源TA有利于改善阻燃EP复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度。
Abstract: The traditional intumescent flame retardant is composed of acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), carbon source pentaerythritol (PER) and gas source melamine (MEL) at the mass ratio of 3∶1∶1. Biomass-tannic acid (TA) was used as a green intumescent flame retardant in epoxy resin instead of PER with APP and MEL. The effects of different ratios of acid source APP, new carbon source TA and gas source MEL on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) composites were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the addition of the new intumescent flame retardant was 20wt% and the mass ratio of APP∶TA∶MEL was 9.71∶6.11∶3.68, the LOI value of the obtained flame retardant EP-3 composites increased to 38.80% and the UL-94 test reached V-0 level. Cone calorimetric tests showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke generation (TSP) and average carbon monoxide release rate (av-CO) of EP-3 decreased by 48.96%, 14.33%, 26.83% and 28.01%, respectively, compared with those of EP-0 added conventional intumescent flame retardants, which indicated that APP/TA/MEL green flame retardants had excellent synergistic flame retardant effect. Moreover, the TG, DTG and SEM analysis revealed that the flame retardant mechanism was a synergistic mechanism of gas phase and solid phase flame retardant. In particular, the flame retardant promoted the formation of the carbon layer with high density and strength of the substrate, thus greatly improving the solid phase flame retardant effect. In addition, the mechanical property test showed that the new carbon source TA was beneficial to improve the tensile strength and flexural strength of the flame retardant EP composites.
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2023, Vol. 37 
