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材料导报  2022, Vol. 36 Issue (23): 21030207-9    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21030207
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶及纤维增强复合材料制备技术研究进展
张勇1,2, 高相东2,*, 姚佳祺2, 吴永庆2, 赵祥3
1 杭州诺贝尔陶瓷有限公司,杭州 311100
2 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海 200050
3 临沂昊泉硅业科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276000
Progress on Preparation Techniques of SiO2-Al2O3 Aerogel and Fiber Reinforce Composites
ZHANG Yong1,2, GAO Xiangdong2,*, YAO Jiaqi2, WU Yongqing2, ZHAO Xiang3
1 Hangzhou Nobel Ceramic Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
2 Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
3 Linyi Haoquan Silicon Industry Technology Co. Ltd., Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
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摘要 SiO2-Al2O3复合气凝胶(SAA)耐高温性能明显优于纯SiO2、Al2O3气凝胶,可用于1 000 ℃以上高温环境,对高温窑炉、设备隔热保温具有重要意义。本文综述了SAA及纤维增强复合材料的制备技术研究进展,在阐明硅铝复合溶胶水解、聚合机理的基础上,讨论了前驱体种类、干燥方式、水、添加剂等对溶胶胶凝过程及气凝胶微观结构与物化性能的影响,简要介绍了SAA微观结构、高温烧结行为特点及硅铝物质的量比对孔结构及耐高温性能的影响,介绍了基于粉煤灰、煤矸石、高岭土等廉价原料的SAA制备方法,以及基于纳米颗粒组装、冰模板、壳聚糖模板的制备新方法。在纤维增强复合材料方面,介绍了以纤维为分散相、纤维预制体为主体骨架两类复合材料的制备方法及纤维种类(石英、莫来石、碳纤维、纳米SiO2、碳纳米管、氧化锆等)对复合材料力学及耐高温性能的影响。最后梳理了目前复合气凝胶研究中存在的问题,展望了其发展趋势。
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张勇
高相东
姚佳祺
吴永庆
赵祥
关键词:  氧化硅  氧化铝  气凝胶  耐高温  纤维复合材料    
Abstract: SiO2-Al2O3 aerogel (SAA) is distinguished by its superior stability in high-temperature applications, especially higher than 1 000 ℃ compared with the pure SiO2 and Al2O3 aerogel, which guarantees its vast applications in many industrial ovens and facilities. Herein, we review the recent advances in the preparation techniques of SAA and the corresponding fiber reinforced composites. The hydrolysis and condensation mechanism of SiO2-Al2O3 hybrid sol is introduced first, followed by the effects of the precursor type, the drying mode, and the water content and the admixtures. The microstructure and the sintering features at high temperature of SAA are presented, combined with the effects of the Si/Al molar ratio. A special series of low-cost materials based on fly-ash, coal gangue and kaolin earth are emphasized, followed by some novel preparation techniques involving the assembly of nanoparticles, the ice template and the chitosan template. Two types of fiber reinforced composites are described: the composite with the fiber as the dispersive phase and the composite with the fiber preform as the skeleton, covering varied fiber types including quartz, mullite, carbon fiber, nano SiO2, carbon nanotube and zirconia. The review is ended by an in-depth analysis of the problems existing in the current research of SAA and an outlook of its possible trends in the near future.
Key words:  silica    alumina    aerogel    high-temperature resistance    fiber reinforced composites
发布日期:  2022-12-09
ZTFLH:  TQ174  
基金资助: 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2016YFA0201103);山东泰山产业领军人才项目(2019TSCYCX-32)
通讯作者:  *xdgao@mail.sic.ac.cn   
作者简介:  张勇,杭州诺贝尔陶瓷有限公司研发中心主任,高级工程师。2002年6月毕业于中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,获得材料学博士学位。主要研究领域为陶瓷用耐高温新型功能材料。在Journal of Electroceramics、《光学学报》《中国陶瓷》《陶瓷》等期刊发表论文近20篇。
高相东,中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所研究员。2002年毕业于同济大学材料学学院,获博士学位;2008年7月至2009年1月在新西兰奥克兰大学化学与材料工程学院从事高级访问学者研究;2019年入选山东泰山产业领军人才项目。主要从事气凝胶新材料、纳米孔硅基材料可控制备、功能化与产业化应用研究。在Advanced Materials、Nano Energy、Journal Materials Chemistry A、Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells等期刊发表论文150余篇,他引3 500余次,获国家发明专利授权20余项。
引用本文:    
张勇, 高相东, 姚佳祺, 吴永庆, 赵祥. SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶及纤维增强复合材料制备技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(23): 21030207-9.
ZHANG Yong, GAO Xiangdong, YAO Jiaqi, WU Yongqing, ZHAO Xiang. Progress on Preparation Techniques of SiO2-Al2O3 Aerogel and Fiber Reinforce Composites. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(23): 21030207-9.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21030207  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I23/21030207
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