Research on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of 321 Stainless Steel and Nickel-based Alloy 825 for Hydrogenation Heat Exchanger
XU Xiuqing1, WANG Wei2,3, CHEN Zhiteng2, LI Yun2, HU Haijun2
1 State Key Laboratory of Performance and Structural Safety for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, Xi'an 710049, China 2 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China 3 Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Inititute, Xi'an 710049, China
Abstract: As the core equipment of the hydrogenation unit, the safe operation of the hydrogenation heat exchanger is of great significance to the development of petrochemical industry in China. Due to the long-term operation under severe working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen exposure, the hydrogenation heat exchanger is frequently subject to leakage and cracking accidents caused by hydrogen embrittlement, resulting in unplanned shutdown. Therefore, the nickel-based alloys Incoloy 825 and AISI 321 stainless steel for hydrogenation heat exchangers were selected as the research objects. The electrochemical dynamic hydrogen charging slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) was used. At the same time, the XRD and SEM was used to analyze the change of the samples' physical properties and fractures before and after hydrogen charging. The comparative study on deterioration tendency, fracture behavior and hydrogen resistance under hydrogen environment of two kinds of materials is carried out. As test results shown, (ⅰ) 321 will convert to martensite while 825 produce hydrides under the action of hydrogen;(ⅱ) hydrogen can significantly reduce the plasticity of 321 and 825 materials, and the plastic loss caused by hydrogen will increase with the increase of hydrogen charging current density; (ⅲ)both 321 and 825 show dimple type fractures when stretched in air. With the increase of hydrogen charging current density, 321 transforms into a mixed fracture mode of intergranular cracking and quasi-cleavage type transgranular crac-king, and 825 transforms to quasi-cleavage fracture. In conclusion, under the stress/hydrogen interaction, the austenite with good hydrogen resistance of 321 stainless steel is converted to martensite, so the hydrogen resistance of 321 stainless steel is worse than that of 825 nickel-based alloy.
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2022, Vol. 36 
