Research Advances in Enzyme Immobilization on Metal-organic Frameworks
XU Ran1,2, LI Zhihui1,2, WU Yinan1,2, LI Fengting1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2 Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract: The traditional immobilization matrices for enzymes have limitations of uncontrollable pore size distribution, high cost, leaching of enzymes, and poor stability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as a new class of solid supports for enzyme immobilization due to their intrinsic properties, such as high surface area and pore volume, tunable pore size and structure, and chemical and thermal stability. Firstly, this review summarizes the preparation strategies for enzyme immobilization in MOF materials by the following two major categories, postsynthetic packaging and de novo encapsulation (biomimetic mineralization, co-precipitation, and mechanochemical encapsulation). Secondly, it introduces the design strategies of hierarchically porous MOFs for enzyme immobilization, which enable the achievement of high enzyme loading and the improvement of substrate diffusion rate. Thirdly, it introduces some advances on multienzyme systems in MOFs and biomimetic MOFs with enzyme-like activity for enzyme immobilization. The special pore structure of MOFs can greatly shorten the diffusion distance between enzyme and substrate, make full use of the intermediate products of enzyme cascade reaction, and therefore could significantly improve the catalytic activity of enzyme. Finally, the main applications of MOF-enzyme composites in biosensing and catalytic removal of pollutants are summarized, and some bottleneck problems are put forward to provide reference for the further research and future industrialization of MOF-enzyme composites.
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