Abstract: Since the emergence of inorganic nanomaterials, a considerable attention have been attained in various fields due to the unique small size effect, surface effect, enhancement effect and so on by virtue of the small size, large surface area and high surface energy. However, their inherent composition and structure also bring a series of problems. For example, most inorganic nanomaterials cannot be degraded, and it is difficult to disperse in solvents or polymers. Surface functionalization is usually required before use, which increases the production cost. It is a good idea to use polymer micro/nanomaterials instead of inorganic nanomaterials. Polymer micro/nanomaterials are usually prepared by self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules or polymerization on the template surface. Preparation of amphiphilic molecules is required for the self-assembly method, while the template method requires prefabrication of templates with controllable size and shape, both of which include multistep process. Therefore, it is a challenge to develop a simple strategy for polymer micro/nanoparticles with controlled size under mild conditions. Cyclophosphazene polymers, as a newly developed polymer micro/nanomaterial, can be easily formed by rapid one-step polymerization and simultaneous self-assembly process under certain environmental conditions. The stereoscopic morphology can be adjusted from zero dimensional to two-dimensional according to the composition and reaction conditions. Compared with inorganic nanomaterials, polyphosphazene micro/nanoparticles have attracted more and more attention in the fields of drug controlled release, polymer modification, lithium-ion batteries, reaction catalysis and so on because of their flexibility, multiple functions, adjustable surface characteristics and biocompatibility. In spite of this, novel polyphosphazene micro/nanoparticles with different composition and morphology still need to be further developed. For example, how to further enhance the efficiency of drug controlled release through the introduction of targeted groups or environmentally sensitive groups, how to improve the flame retardant efficiency of materials by introducing other flame retardant elements or inorganic structures, and whether polyphosphazene as a flame retardant additive can be extended to other polymer systems other than epoxy resin. These problems need to be further solved. In this review the research progress on preparation of polyphosphazene micro/nanomaterials is summarized. The preparation conditions, preparation principles and structural characteristics of different polyphosphazene micro/nanomaterials are introduced in detail, so as to provide refe-rence for the preparation of polyphosphazene micro/nanomaterials with different composition and morphology. The application situation of polyphosphazene micro/nanomaterials in the fields of drug controlled release, flameretardancy of polymers, lithium-ion battery, reaction catalysis and so on are analyzed, and the application prospect is prospected.
作者简介: 解琳,2020年6月毕业于黄冈师范学院,获得理学学士学位,现为湖北工业大学硕士研究生。在何文涛教授的指导下进行研究,目前主要研究领域为阻燃聚合物纳米材料。何文涛,黄冈师范学院教授。2010年12月在武汉大学高分子化学与物理专业取得博士学位,2011—2018年在国家复合改性聚合物材料工程技术研究中心从事聚合物纳米复合材料的研发工作,并于2015年被评为研究员。2018年1—6月作为访问学者于澳大利亚南昆士南大学从事阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料研究。近年来,在阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料领域发表论文20余篇,包括Progress in Materials Science、Composites Communications、Polymer Degradation and Stability和Polymers等。
引用本文:
解琳, 何文涛, 高京. 聚膦腈微纳米材料的制备及应用[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(Z1): 578-585.
XIE Lin, HE Wentao, GAO Jing. Preparation and Application of Polypolyphosphazene Micro/Nanomaterials. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(Z1): 578-585.
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2021, Vol. 35 
