Coupling Erosion of Chlorides and Sulfates in Reinforced Concrete:a Review
ZHANG Chenglin1,2, LIU Qingfeng1,2
1 School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Operation and Maintenance of Public Buildings and Infrastructure,Shanghai 200240, China
Abstract: Reinforced concrete is widely used in the construction of public buildings and large-scale infrastructure, but it is often eroded by chloride and sulfate in service, especially in marine and saline environments. The durability of the reinforced concrete structures under sulfate and chloride environment is rapidly degraded due to the dual attack. Under this condition, it is necessary to investigate the interaction between sulfate and chloride during the binary erosion process and its effect on the concrete deterioration and steel corrosion. Based on the degradation mechanism of the reinforced concrete under single chloride erosion or sulfate attack, this review offers a retrospection of the research efforts with respect to concrete deterioration and steel corrosion. Sulfates have been found capable of reducing the capacity of the chemical binding of chloride ions by the priority of the reaction between sulfate ions and AFm and the decomposition of the Friedel’s salt. To investigate the influence of sulfates on chloride diffusion, the effect of sulfates on chloride binding and the effect of sulfate two-stage erosion on concrete porosity need to be synthetically considered. And the effect of sulfate attack on chloride diffusion can be divided into three stages: promotion, inhibition and then promotion. The premise of chlorides’ alleviation of sulfate attack on concrete is that chlorides have no corrosive effect on concrete material itself, and the key is that chloride ions react with AFm before sulfate ions to form Friedel’s salts. As for the corrosion of steel in concrete under dual attack, further analysis needs to be carried out with the influence of sulfates on chloride binding and diffusion, and it is necessary to study the effect of sulfate attack on steel corrosion. Finally, the durability of reinforced concrete as a whole under the combined action of chlorides and sulfates is prospected through experiment or numerical simulation, which can provide a better insight for the durability design of new reinforced concrete structures and the safety assessment of existing structures in marine and saline harsh environments.
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