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材料导报  2022, Vol. 36 Issue (18): 20090093-7    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20090093
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
天然木材的功能化及其应用进展
黄薇, 李红强*, 官航, 冯海洋, 韦业, 古孜努尔·阿巴白克力, 赖学军, 曾幸荣*
华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广州 510640
Advances in Functionalization and Application of Natural Woods
HUANG Wei, LI Hongqiang*, GUAN Hang, FENG Haiyang, WEI Ye, GUZINUER Abbaikeli, LAI Xuejun, ZENG Xingrong*
School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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摘要 现代工业和经济的快速发展消耗了大量的石油及石油基材料,导致碳排放问题日益凸显,并使生态环境污染问题越发严重。开发并利用各种绿色的生物质功能材料以部分代替通过石油衍生而来的聚合物基材料是解决该问题的有效应对措施之一。
天然木材作为一种重要的可再生资源,具有来源丰富、价格便宜且对环境友好的特点,其功能化符合可持续发展理念并在多个领域展现出巨大的应用潜力,引起了国内外科研工作者的密切关注。木材本身主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成,并具有层次分明、构造有序的多尺度分级结构。独特的分级多孔结构及其各向异性不仅可以实现木材自身营养物质和水分的运输,还为其功能化设计提供了良好的基础。
近年来,研究者们通过化学洗涤、冷冻干燥、表面改性、高温碳化等手段对天然木材进行功能化,以赋予其超疏水性、光热转换能力、光学透明性、导电性等,制得具有功能性的木材基材料,大大提高了木材的产品附加值,并进一步拓宽了木材的实际应用领域。
本文首先介绍了天然木材的结构和成分,然后综述了近年来木材功能化及其在油水分离、海水淡化、节能建筑、柔性电子等领域中的应用进展,最后总结了目前天然木材功能化及应用所面临的一些技术难题,并对其未来的发展方向及前景进行了展望。
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黄薇
李红强
官航
冯海洋
韦业
古孜努尔·阿巴白克力
赖学军
曾幸荣
关键词:  天然木材  分级多孔结构  功能化    
Abstract: The prosperity of modern industry and economy consumes a large amount of petroleum and petroleum-based materials, leading to the increasingly serious carbon emission and the deterioration of ecological environment. The exploration and utilization of various biomass functional materials to partially replace the polymer materials derived from petroleum have been considered as one of effective solutions to solve the problem.
As a kind of important renewable resource, natural wood has the characteristics of rich source, low price and environmental friendliness. The functionalization accords with the concept of sustainable development, and shows great practical potentials in many fields, which has attracted close attention of domestic and abroad researchers. The wood is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, possessing a hierarchical porous structure with pronounced anisotropy. The unique hierarchical structure not only realized the efficient transports of nutrients and water, but also endowed the material with good basis for functionalization design.
In recent years, many researchers have devoted to the functionalization of natural wood mainly by the means of chemical washing, freeze-drying, surface modification and high-temperature carbonization, endowing it with superhydrophobicity, photo-thermal transformation capability, optical transparency, conductivity and so on. The fabricated wood-based materials with different functions not only greatly increase the additional value of the natural wood, but also further broaden their practical applications.
In this paper, the structure and composition of natural wood are firstly introduced. Secondly, the progress in the functionalization of natural woods is reviewed, and the applications in the fields of oil-water separation, seawater desalination, energy-saving building and flexible electronics are summarized. Finally, the existing technical problems in the functionalization and application of natural woods are pointed out and the future development directions are also prospected.
Key words:  natural wood    hierarchical porous structure    functionalization
收稿日期:  2022-09-25      出版日期:  2022-09-25      发布日期:  2022-09-26
ZTFLH:  TB324  
  S781.7  
基金资助: 广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313884);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202010561006);华南理工大学学生研究计划(X20201056102)
通讯作者:  *lihq@scut.edu.cn; psxrzeng@scut.edu.cn   
作者简介:  黄薇,2019年6月毕业于华南理工大学,获得工学学士学位。现为华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在李红强副教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为木材功能材料制备及其应用。李红强,华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。2002年和2005年在郑州大学分别获高分子材料专业学士和硕士学位,2008年获华南理工大学高分子材料专业博士学位。目前主要从事超疏水材料及表面、柔性传感材料和木材基功能材料的研究工作。近三年,以第一作者或通讯作者在Advanced Functional MaterialsJournal of Materials Chemistry AACS Applied Materials & InterfacesChemical Engineering Journal等期刊上发表论文20余篇。曾幸荣,华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。1985年和1989年在华南理工大学分别获得高分子材料专业学士和博士学位。目前主要研究兴趣为功能性硅橡胶及助剂、木材基材料和超疏水材料的制备及其应用的相关工作。以通讯作者已在Advanced Functional MaterialsJournal of Materials Chemistry AACS Applied Materials & InterfacesJournal of Hazard MaterialComposites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing等期刊上发表论文近200篇。
引用本文:    
黄薇, 李红强, 官航, 冯海洋, 韦业, 古孜努尔·阿巴白克力, 赖学军, 曾幸荣. 天然木材的功能化及其应用进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(18): 20090093-7.
HUANG Wei, LI Hongqiang, GUAN Hang, FENG Haiyang, WEI Ye, GUZINUER Abbaikeli, LAI Xuejun, ZENG Xingrong. Advances in Functionalization and Application of Natural Woods. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(18): 20090093-7.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20090093  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I18/20090093
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