Coherent Precipitation and Strengthening in Body-Centered-Cubic-based Multi-component Alloys
XIN Sishu1, WANG Zhenhua2, LI Chunling2, WANG Qing2
1 Kunming Institute of Physics, Kunming 650000, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Abstract: The type, morphology (size and shape), and distribution of the second-phase particles precipitated on the solid solution matrix are dominant on the improvement of mechanical strengths of alloys. In particular, the coherent precipitation of particles is more beneficial to enhance the high-temperature mechanical properties of alloys. For example, it is the coherent precipitation of cubic L12-Ni3Al ordered phase in FCC solid solution matrix that renders Ni-based superalloys with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. Recently, the body-centered-cubic (BCC)-based multi-component alloys containing coherent precipitates have attracted extensive attention due to their prominent mechanical properties (especially high strength at elevated temperatures) induced by precipitation strengthening. However, the non-coherent or half-coherent precipitated phases were often used to strengthen the matrix in conventional BCC-based enginee-ring alloys, which induces the coarsening of the second-phase precipitates during the aging period and embrittles alloys. Such alloys are generally sensitive to the post-processing. Recently, the ordered phase B2(L21) precipitation into disordered BCC matrix could be achieved in multi-principal alloy systems, which has great potential to improve the strength and toughness of alloys. The existing results show that BCC/B2 coherent microstructure exhibits a weave-like spinodal decomposition and it is difficult to precipitated the spherical or cuboidal B2/L21 nanoparticles, which also leads to a serious brittleness. Therefore, how to obtain cubic or spherical coherent particles in BCC-based multi-component alloys is a research hotspot. It has been demonstrated that the lattice mismatch between the matrix and ordered phases is the most critical factor to determine the shape and size of precipitates. Therefore, the compositions of the BCC matrix and the ordered phase can be regulated by adjusting the species and amounts of alloying elements in alloys for the achievement of an optimum lattice mismatch matching the desired coherent microstructure. For example, in BCC-based special steels and high-entropy alloys, the spherical or cuboidal B2 nanoparticles were coherently precipitated into the BCC matrix through adjusting the lattice mismatch between BCC and B2 phases, by which a series of BCC-based special steels and high-entropy alloys with excellent properties could be obtained. The present work summarizes comprehensively the phase structures and morphologies of coherent precipitates in several typical BCC-based alloys, such as special steels and high-entropy alloys. The mechanical properties of these alloys are also generalized. Then, the relationship between the lattice misfit and the particle morphology, and the mechanism of precipitation strengthening are illuminated. Finally, the development and application of coherently precipitation-strengthened BCC-based alloys are prospected.
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2020, Vol. 34 
