Abstract: Wettability of metal/ceramic systems is of crucial significance in many fields including metal-ceramic jointing, purification of molten metal, infiltration-based preparation and liquid-phase preparation of composite materials. The wetting of liquid metal on ceramic surface, according to its process, is a complicated physical and chemical phenomenon involving substrate dissolution, interface adsorption and interaction. Experimental characterization and theoretical estimation of wettability of metal/ceramic systems has always been a research hotspot in materials science. At present, the characterization methods for wettability of metal/ceramic are almost all based on measuring contact angle (calculated via the classical equation given by Thomas Young). The contact angle is highly susceptible to circumstance factors, so the relationship between contact angle and wettability has inevitable deviation in practical estimation. Moreover, few methods are adaptable for the systems of high-melting-point alloys and ceramics. Therefore, in addition to improve and optimize measurement of contact angle, considerable attempts have also been made to study wettability via theoretical calculation. However, yet no theoretical prediction can be applied to all metal/ceramic systems till now, due to controversial understanding upon wetting mechanism and insufficient research. Recent experimental research of metal/ceramic wettability is mainly focused onimproved sessile drop method, dispensed drop method, capillary rising method and induction melting method. Among them, the improved sessile drop method, compared to the traditional sessile drop method, can eliminate the impact of oxide film on the melt surface. Induction melting method can realize the melting of high-melting-point alloys (e.g. Ti alloy), so it has a unique superiority (as the rest of the methods mentioned above are adaptable to systems comprised of low-melting-point alloys, e.g. Al alloys or Mg alloys, and ceramics). In terms of theoretical estimation, besides the surface tension model which directly based on Young's equation, some researchers incorporate Young-Dupré equation to reveal the inherent law of reaction interface wettability from the perspectives of thermodynamics and atomic bond. This provides an alternative idea for theoretical studies though the final results are less-than-ideal. In addition, a new criterion for qualitatively analysing wettability has been proposed by researchers as well, in which wetting is regarded as a reaction phenome-non, and the change of Gibbs free energy of interface reaction and the energy change of surface phase in wetting process are taken into account. Moreover, with respect to wetting spreading dynamics, aside from directly calculating contact angle using metal nucleation theory, there have also been developed some theoretical models that deserve attention, such as hydrodynamic model, molecular dynamics model, reaction control model and diffusion control model, and can be adopted to study wetting rate. This reviewprovides a comprehensive description of the recent research progress, both experimental and theoretical, upon the wettability of metal/ceramic, with mechanism of wetting process, measurement of contact angle and models for estimating wettability as the major sections.
屈伟, 范同祥. 金属/陶瓷润湿性的实验表征和理论预测研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(21): 3606-3612.
QU Wei, FAN Tongxiang. Advances in the Wettability Research of Metal/Ceramic Systems:Experimental Characterization and Theoretical Estimation. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(21): 3606-3612.
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