Research Progress of Composite Lubricating Material with Core-Shell Structure
YANG Yawen1,2, WANG Na1,2, REN Junfang1, GAO Gui1, CHEN Shengsheng1, WANG Honggang1
1 State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000; 2 College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
Abstract: Lubricating materials, as a crucial matter to improve the service life of the mechanical system, have become an important part of the development of high-end equipment technology. For a long time, it has been an important research direction in the field of tribological materials to explore high-performance solid lubricant with low friction and high wear resistance. Core-shell composite particles with the properties of lubricating and wear-resisting can be prepared as high-performance solid lubricants by the chemical directional combination of the functional nanomaterials, which is of great significance to improve the tribological properties of materials. The structure and dispersion of soft and hard phase particles are the key means to improve the tribological properties of lubricating materials. Due to phase-separation and non-uniform dispersion, the traditional mechanical-mixing method cannot meet the service requirements of low friction and wear-resistant materials under harsh working conditions. Because of the stable interfacial bonding force and regulatable surface chemical state between the composite systems, the core-shell nanomaterials can realize the long life, low friction and operational reliability of lubricating materials under harsh working conditions, and have promising prospects in the field of lubrication materials. The core-shell nanomaterials have the advantage of presenting greater flexibility in structural regulation and morphological distribution. The interfacial interaction of the core-shell structure provides an essential basis for the controllable preparation of the core-shell particle and the formation of core-shell complex with stable structure and uniform dispersion. In terms of structural regulation, the research on the composition, structure evolution, scale, morphology and dispersion of core-shell nanomaterials has been carried out in recent years. In the preparation methods, self-assembly method, the sol-gel method, microemulsion polymerization, hard and soft template method and other technical means have different advantages and disadvantages for improving the thermodynamic stability and interfacial interaction of core-shell particles. In the matter of tribological mechanism, a large number of studies have revealed the dynamic evolution laws of core-shell particles in the process of friction. The tribological mechanism of core-shell nanoparticles has been clarified from multiple perspectives through the film lubrication mechanism, the permeable layer concept, the third body anti-wear mechanism, the rolling-bearing action and the self-consumption mechanism. In the application of lubricating materials, various functional core-shell nanoparticles play an important role in improving the properties of lubricant functional additives, polymer coa-tings and polymer composites. The results show that the core-shell nanoparticles with characteristic structural advantages are of great significance for improving the tribological properties and bearing capacity of lubricating materials. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper systematically reviews the common types, preparation methods, structure regulation mechanism, friction and wear mechanism of the core-shell composites, as well as the application in lubricating materials. The future research direction of core-shell nanomaterials in the lubrication and the failure mechanism, accurate compounding and performance optimization, and the self-healing mechanism of core-shell structure is also outlooked.
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2019, Vol. 33 
