Abstract: As a novel membrane separation technique with high potential, forward osmosis technique has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the lack of high performance forward osmosis membranes has been a key factor impeding the advancement of forward osmosis technique. To date, a great many researches have been devoted to membrane structure optimization and the search for new membrane materials. Several common forward osmosis membranes, such as cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, aromatic polyamide (PA) membranes and polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes have been widely applied in forward osmosis process. However, the disadvantages of these membrane materials are also prominent. For example, cellulose acetate membrane is easy to be hydrolyzed, poor in acid and alkali resistance; polyamide composite membrane has higher fouling tendency and poor chlorine resistance and PBI membrane has poor toughness with high price. Therefore, the deve-lopment of new types of forward osmosis membrane materials is of great significance for the improvement of membrane properties. As we all known, FO technique is developing rapidly, so FO membrane performance needs to be improved as well. The optimization of membrane structure is crucial to improve the performance of FO membrane, and the optimization of separation layer and support layer structure is the key. In recent years, nanoparticles with the advantages of anti-fouling and hydrophilicity have been widely used in forward osmosis process. The membrane surface hydrophilicity is improved by adding nanoparticles such as zeolite, TiO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide into the separation layer of the membrane to improve the FO membrane performance. In addition, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly and double-layer structures are also used to optimize the separation layer of the membrane. The internal concentration polarization (ICP) occurring in support layer is the main factor affecting the FO performance. Therefore, optimizing the support layer of the membrane is important to improve the membrane performance. Researchers have optimized the membrane support layer by increasing the hydrophilicity, reducing the thickness, and improving the pore structure. The hydrophilicity of the support layer can be improved by selecting a hydrophilic support layer material and modifying the support layer surface. Furthermore, the support layer with small thickness, high porosity, small tortuosity, high mechanical strength and good anti-fouling perfor-mance is indispensable for a high-performance FO membrane. In this paper, recent advancementon forward osmosis membrane fabrication methods are reviewed. Several common forward osmosis membranes and fresh forward osmosis membrane as well as their fabrication methods are summarized. Taking into account the aspects of optimizing the separation layer and support layer structure, reducing the internal concentration polarization, optimizing the pore structure, improving the mechanical strength of the membrane and reducing the difficulty of post-cleaning, the recent research progress and development trend of the fabrication methods and structure control of forward osmosis membranes are analyzed under the criterion of a high water flux, high salt rejection, strong mechanical properties and anti-pollution properties.
孙娜,王铎,汪锰. 正渗透膜材料及其制备方法的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(17): 2966-2975.
SUN Na, WANG Duo, WANG Meng. Research Progress of Forward Osmosis Membrane Materials and Their Preparation Methods. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(17): 2966-2975.
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2019, Vol. 33 
