A Brief Survey on the Stability Study of Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
CHEN Jian1, MIU Weifeng1, WANG Jilin1,2, ZHENG Guoyuan1, LONG Fei1,2
1 Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Material and New Processing Technology of Ministry of Education, School of MaterialsScience and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004; 2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi, Guilin Universityof Technology, Guilin 541004
Abstract: The organicmetal halide perovskite solar cells has been developing rapidly in recent years, and the cells’ certified photoelectric conversion efficiency has reached 22.1%. Simultaneously, low cost, short energy payback time and other merits have made the commercial application of organicmetal halide perovskite solar cells into reality. Nevertheless, the perovskite itself is not stable in the circumstances of high humidity, high temperature or light. Especially, the instability of perovskite will be more serious when assembled with other functional layers into the device, because electrode corrosion or deep defects will be easily initiated in this situation. More and more literature has reported various methods to improve the stability of the device, which mainly focuses on two aspects: Ⅰ. controlling the composition of the perovskite material to enhance the stability; Ⅱ. optimizing the device structure of the solar cells to enhance the stability. As for the component optimization, researchers put efforts in modifying ABX3 structure, controlling structural dimension and the use of protective layer to improve the stability of perovskite materials themselves. Ⅰ. With the satisfaction of the requirements of Goldschmidt tolerance factor t or octahedral factor μ, the introduction of hydrophobic or temperature-resistant groups like formamidinium or cesium cation into the A site of ABX3, while incorporation of bromide anion or thiocyanate ion into X site will increase the moisture resistance of perovskite material. What’s more, a combination sites of perovskite Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)(100-x)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 could not only improve the thermal stability but also enhance the device’s conversion efficiency to 21.1%. Ⅱ. Low-dimensional (mainly two-dimensional) perovskite materials have also been comprehensively studied. For instance, BA0.05(FA0.83Cs0.17)0.95Pb(I0.8-Br0.2)3 displays excellent stability in high humidity and light circumstances. Ⅲ. Protective layers with favorable hydrophobic properties, excellent charge transport ability such as butylphosphonic acid 4-ammonium chloride or benzylamine can also enhance the stabi-lity of the perovskite material. As for the device structure optimization, researchers have tried to strengthen the stability of the device through changing electron transporting material (SnO2, La-doped BaSnO3, etc.), hole transporting material (CuGaO2, CuPC etc.) and counter electrode (carbon, copper etc.), respectively. For example, La-doped BaSO3 has weak UV photocatalytic activity, excellent electron mobility and suitable energy band structure, the device with La-doped BaSO3 as electron transporting material show unexceptionable light stability. In addition, taking chemical and thermal stable CuPC as the hole transporting material of the device could not only achieve favorable thermal stability but also obtain a conversion efficiency of 17.5%. Considering the counter electrode, carbon electrode shows excellent stability under high humidity and light conditions when it applies to large area devices. Moreover, when copper electrode replace gold or silver electrode, the device acquired a conversion efficiency of more than 20%, and presented an admirable heat and light stability as well. This review mainly summarizes the current status of the stability study of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells in view of the perovskite absorbing material compositions and device structure. Researches about optimizing the stability of the device from the perovskite composition of ABX3, structural dimension of perovskite material and the use of other functional layers are summarized. Finally, the development trends of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells are proposed based on the available research.
陈健, 缪卫峰, 王吉林, 郑国源, 龙飞. 浅析有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的研究[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(13): 2151-2160.
CHEN Jian, MIU Weifeng, WANG Jilin, ZHENG Guoyuan, LONG Fei. A Brief Survey on the Stability Study of Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(13): 2151-2160.
1 Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, et al. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2009,131(17):6050. 2 Yang W S, Park B W, Jung E H, et al. Iodide management in forma-midinium-lead-halide-based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells[J].Science,2017,356(6345):1376. 3 Park N G, Grätzel M, Miyasaka T, et al. Towards stable and commercially available perovskite solar cells[J].Nature Energy,2016,1(11):16152. 4 Gong J, Darling S B, You F. Perovskite photovoltaics: Life-cycle assessment of energy and environmental impacts[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2015,8(7):1953. 5 Lee M M, Teuscher J, Miyasaka T, et al. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites[J].Science,2012,338(6107):643. 6 Li C, Lu X, Ding W, et al. Formability of ABX3 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites[J].Acta Crystallographica,2008,64(6):702. 7 Yin W J, Yang J H, Kang J, et al. Halide perovskite materials for solar cells: A theoretical review[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(17):8926. 8 Xiao Z, Yan Y. Progress in theoretical study of metal halide perovskite solar cell materials[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(22):1701136. 9 Noh J H, Sang H I, Jin H H, et al. Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructured solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2013,13(4):1764. 10 Eperon G E, Stranks S D, Menelaou C, et al. Formamidinium lead trihalide: A broadly tunable perovskite for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2014,7(3):982. 11 Stranks S D, Eperon G E, Grancini G, et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber[J].Science,2013,342(6156):341. 12 Laban W A, Etgar L. Depleted hole conductor-free lead halide iodide heterojunction solar cells[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2013,6(11):3249. 13 Yin W J, Shi T, Yan Y. Unique properties of halide perovskites as possible origins of the superior solar cell performance[J].Advanced Materials,2014,26(27):4653. 14 Niu G, Guo X, Wang L. Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(17):8970. 15 Baikie T, Fang Y, Kadro J M, et al. Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2013,1(18):5628. 16 Philippe B, Park B W, Lindblad R, et al. Chemical and electronic structure characterization of lead halide perovskites and stability behavior under different exposures-A photoelectron spectroscopy investigation[J].Chemistry of Materials,2015,27(5):1720. 17 Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, et al. Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%[J].Scientific Reports,2012,2:591. 18 Shockley W, Queisser H J. Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1961,32(3):510. 19 Tress W. Maximum efficiency and open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells[M]∥Organic-inorganic halide perovskite photovoltaics. Springer,2016:53. 20 Leijtens T, Eperon G E, Noel N K, et al. Stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2015,5(20):1500963. 21 Mei A, Li X, Liu L, et al. A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability[J].Science,2014,345(6194):295. 22 Peng W, Miao X, Adinolfi V, et al. Engineering of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals by alloying large organic cations for enhanced thermal stability and transport properties[J].Angewandte Chemie,2016,55(36):10686. 23 Binek A, Hanusch F C, Docampo P, et al. Stabilization of the trigonal high-temperature phase of formamidinium lead iodide[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2015,6(7):1249. 24 Lee J W, Kim D H, Kim H S, et al. Formamidinium and cesium hybridization for photo-and moisture-stable perovskite solar cell[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2015,5(20):1501310. 25 Zhao X G, Yang J H, Fu Y, et al. Design of lead-free inorganic ha-lide perovskites for solar cells via cation-transmutation[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2017,139(7):2630. 26 Park B W, Philippe B, Zhang X, et al. Bismuth based hybrid perovskites A3Bi2I9 (A: methylammonium or cesium) for solar cell application[J].Advanced Materials,2015,27(43):6806. 27 Xiao Z, Meng W, Wang J, et al. Searching for promising new pe-rovskite-based photovoltaic absorbers: The importance of electronic dimensionality[J].Materials Horizons,2017,4(2):206. 28 Slavney A H, Hu T, Lindenberg A M, et al. A bismuth-halide double perovskite with long carrier recombination lifetime for photovoltaic applications[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(7):2138. 29 Xiao Z, Meng W, Wang J, et al. Thermodynamic atability and defect chemistry of bismuth-based lead-free double perovskites[J].ChemSusChem,2016,9(18):2628. 30 Klug M T, Osherov A, Haghighirad A A, et al. Tailoring metal ha-lide perovskites through metal substitution: Influence on photovol-taic and material properties[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2017,10(1):236. 31 Zhao W, Yang D, Yang Z, et al. Zn-doping for reduced hysteresis and improved performance of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite hybrid solar cells[J].Materials Today Energy,2017,5:205. 32 Chen Q, Chen L, Ye F, et al. Ag-incorporated organic-inorganic perovskite films and planar heterojunction solar cells[J].Nano Letters,2017,17(5):3231. 33 Yang T Y, Gregori G, Pellet N, et al. The significance of ion conduction in a hybrid organic-inorganic lead-iodide-based perovskite photosensitizer[J].Angewandte Chemie,2015,54(27):7905. 34 Akkerman Q A, D'Innocenzo V, Accornero S, et al. Tuning the optical properties of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by anion exchange reactions[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(32):10276. 35 Yang B, Keum J, Ovchinnikova O S, et al. Deciphering halogen competition in organometallic halide perovskite growth[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(15):5028. 36 Wang B, Young W K, Xiao X, et al. Elucidating the reaction pathways in the synthesis of organolead trihalide perovskite for high-performance solar cells[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:10557. 37 Mosconi E, Ronca E, De Angelis F. First-principles investigation of the TiO2/organohalide perovskites interface: The role of interfacial chlorine[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2014,5(15):2619. 38 Chen Y, Chen T, Dai L. Layer-by-layer growth of CH3NH3PbI3-x-Clx for highly efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Materials,2015,27(6):1053. 39 Tai Q, You P, Sang H, et al. Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient air irrespective of the humidity[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:11105. 40 Jiang Q, Rebollar D, Gong J, et al. Pseudohalide-induced moisture tolerance in perovskite CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I thin films[J].Angewandte Chemie,2015,54(26):7617. 41 Jeon N J, Noh J H, Yang W S, et al. Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells[J].Nature,2015,517(7535):476. 42 Yi C, Luo J, Meloni S, et al. Entropic stabilization of mixed A-ca-tion ABX3 metal halide perovskites for high performance perovskite solar cells[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(2):656. 43 Saliba M, Matsui T, Seo J Y, et al. Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: Improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(6):1989. 44 Saliba M, Matsui T, Domanski K, et al. Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance[J].Science,2016,354(6309):206. 45 Liang J, Wang C, Wang Y, et al. All-inorganic perovskite solar cells[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(49):15829. 46 Sutton R J, Eperon G E, Miranda L, et al. Bandgap-tunable cesium lead halide perovskites with high thermal stability for efficient solar cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(8):1502458. 47 Li X, Zhong X, Hu Y, et al. Organic-inorganic copper(Ⅱ)-based material: A low-toxic, highly stable light absorber for photovoltaic application[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2017,8(8):1804. 48 Yang Z, Rajagopal A, Chueh C C, et al. Stable low-bandgap Pb-Sn binary perovskites for tandem solar cells[J].Advanced Materials,2016,28(40):8990. 49 Eperon G E, Leijtens T, Bush K A, et al. Perovskite-perovskite tandem photovoltaics with optimized band gaps[J].Science,2016,354(6314):861. 50 Duong T, Wu Y, Shen H, et al. Rubidium multication perovskite with optimized bandgap for perovskite-silicon tandem with over 26% efficiency[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(14):1700228. 51 Quan L N, Yuan M, Comin R, et al. Ligand-stabilized reduced-dimensionality perovskites[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2016,138(8):2649. 52 Zhang X, Ren X, Liu B, et al. Stable high efficiency two-dimensio-nal perovskite solar cells via cesium doping[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2017,10(10):2095. 53 Zhang T, Dar M I, Li G, et al. Bication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic a-CsPbI3 perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells[J].Science Advances,2017,3(9):e1700841. 54 Ma C, Leng C, Ji Y, et al. 2D/3D perovskite hybrids as moisture-tolerant and efficient light absorbers for solar cells[J].Nanoscale,2016,8(43):18309. 55 Wang Z, Lin Q, Chmiel F P, et al. Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D-3D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskites[J].Nature Energy,2017,2(9):17135. 56 Yang S, Wang Y, Liu P, et al. Functionalization of perovskite thin films with moisture-tolerant molecules[J].Nature Energy,2016,1(2):15016. 57 Li X, Dar M I, Yi C, et al. Improved performance and stability of perovskite solar cells by crystal crosslinking with alkylphosphonic acid ω-ammonium chlorides[J].Nature Chemistry,2015,7(9):703. 58 Wang F, Geng W, Zhou Y, et al. Phenylalkylamine passivation of organolead halide perovskites enabling high-efficiency and air-stable photovoltaic cells[J].Advanced Materials,2016,28(45):9986. 59 Zuo C, Bolink H J, Han H, et al. Advances in perovskite solar cells[J].Science Advances,2016,3(7):1500324. 60 Leijtens T, Eperon G E, Pathak S, et al. Overcoming ultraviolet light instability of sensitized TiO(2) with meso-superstructured organometal tri-halide perovskite solar cells[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2885. 61 Pathak S K, Abate A, Ruckdeschel P, et al. Performance and stabi-lity enhancement of dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells by Al doping of TiO2[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2015,24(38):6046. 62 Yin G, Ma J, Jiang H, et al. Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through Nb-doping of TiO2 at low temperature[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9(12):10752. 63 Guarnera S, Abate A, Zhang W, et al. Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells with a porous Al2O3 buffer layer[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2015,6(3):432. 64 Xu J, Buin A, Ip A H, et al. Perovskite-fullerene hybrid materials suppress hysteresis in planar diodes[J].Nature Communications,2015,6:7081. 65 Li W, Zhang W, Van Reenen S, et al. Enhanced UV-light stability of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with caesium bromide interface modification[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(2):490. 66 Chander N, Khan A F, Chandrasekhar P S, et al. Reduced ultraviolet light induced degradation and enhanced light harvesting using YVO4:Eu3+ down-shifting nano-phosphor layer in organometal ha-lide perovskite solar cells[J].Applied Physics Letters,2014,105(3):6050. 67 Bella F, Griffini G, Correa-Baena J P, et al. Improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with photocurable fluoropolymers[J].Science,2016,354(6309):203. 68 Liu Q, Qin M C, Ke W J, et al. Enhanced stability of perovskite solar cells with low-temperature hydrothermally grown SnO2 electron transport layers[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2016,26(33):6069. 69 Guo Y, Liu T, Wang N, et al. Ni-doped α-Fe2O3 as electron transporting material for planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency, reduced hysteresis and ultraviolet stability[J].Nano Energy,2017,38:193. 70 Shin S S, Yeom E J, Yang W S, et al. Colloidally prepared La-doped BaSnO3 electrodes for efficient, photostable perovskite solar cells[J].Science,2017,356(6334):167. 71 Jiang Q, Zhang L, Wang H, et al. Enhanced electron extraction using SnO2 for high-efficiency planar-structure HC(NH2)2PbI3-based perovskite solar cells[J].Nature Energy,2016,2:16177. 72 Zhu L, Shao Z, Ye J, et al. Mesoporous BaSnO3 layer based perovskite solar cells[J].Chemical Communications,2015,52(5):970. 73 Li D, Wang M. Stability issues of inorganic/organic hybrid lead pe-rovskite solar cells[M]∥Perovskite solar cells: Principle, materials and devices. World Scientific,2017:147. 74 Hawash Z, Ono L K, Raga S R, et al. Air-exposure induced dopant redistribution and energy level shifts in spin-coated Spiro-MeOTAD films[J].Chemistry of Materials,2015,27(2):562. 75 Berhe T A, Su W N, Chen C H, et al. Organometal halide perovskite solar cells: Degradation and stability[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(2):323. 76 Ito S. Inorganic hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cell[M]∥Organic-inorganic halide perovskite photovoltaics.Springer,2016:343. 77 Li M, Wang Z K, Yang Y G, et al. Copper salts doped Spiro-OMeTAD for high-performance perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(21):1601156. 78 Lei H, Yang G, Zheng X, et al. Incorporation of high-mobility and room-temperature-deposited CuxS as a hole transport layer for efficient and stable organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells[J].Solar RRL,2017,1(6):170038. 79 Arora N, Dar M I, Hinderhofer A, et al. Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 20%[J].Science,2017,358(6364):768. 80 Habisreutinger S N, Noel N K, Snaith H J, et al. Investigating the role of 4-tert butylpyridine in perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(1):1601079. 81 Chen W, Wu Y, Yue Y, et al. Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers[J].Science,2015,350(6263):944.82 Wu Y, Xie F, Chen H, et al. Thermally stable MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells with efficiency of 19.19% and area over 1 cm2 achieved by additive engineering[J].Advanced Materials,2017,29(28):1701073. 83 Kim I S, Cao D H, Buchholz D B, et al. Liquid water-and heat-resistant hybrid perovskite photovoltaics via an inverted ALD oxide electron extraction layer design[J].Nano Letters,2016,16(12):7786. 84 Zhang H, Wang H, Chen W, et al. CuGaO2 : A promising inorganic hole-transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Materials,2017,29(8):1604984. 85 Kim Y, Yang T Y, Jeon N, et al. Engineering interface structures between lead halide perovskite and copper phthalocyanine for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2017,10(10):2109. 86 Li J, Dong Q, Li N, et al. Direct evidence of ion diffusion for the silver-electrode-induced thermal degradation of inverted perovskite solar cells[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2017,7(14):1602922. 87 Domanski K, Correabaena J P, Mine N, et al. Not all that glitters is gold: Metal-migration-induced degradation in perovskite solar cells[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(6):6306. 88 You J, Meng L, Song T B, et al. Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2016,11(1):75. 89 Zhao J, Zheng X, Deng Y, et al. Is Cu a stable electrode material in hybrid perovskite solar cells for a 30-year lifetime?[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(12):3650. 90 Kaltenbrunner M, Adam G, Glowacki E D, et al. Flexible high po-wer-per-weight perovskite solar cells with chromium oxide-metal contacts for improved stability in air[J].Nature Materials,2015,14(10):1032. 91 Guerrero A, You J, Aranda C, et al. Interfacial degradation of planar lead halide perovskite solar cells[J].ACS Nano,2016,10(1):218. 92 Sanehira E M, Tremolet de Villers B J, Schulz P, et al. Influence of electrode interfaces on the stability of perovskite solar cells: Reduced degradation using MoOx/Al for hole collection[J].ACS Energy Letters,2016,1(1):38. 93 Priyadarshi A, Haur L J, Murray P, et al. A large area (70 cm2) monolithic perovskite solar module with a high efficiency and stability[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(12):3687. 94 Hu Y, Si S, Mei A, et al. Stable large-area (10×10 cm2) printable mesoscopic perovskite module exceeding 10% efficiency[J].Solar RRL,2017,1(2):1600019. 95 Hwang I, Jeong I, Lee J, et al. Enhancing stability of perovskite solar cells to moisture by the facile hydrophobic passivation[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2015,7(31):17330. 96 Liu J, Pathak S K, Sakai N, et al. Identification and mitigation of a critical interfacial instability in perovskite solar cells employing copper thiocyanate hole-transporter[J].Advanced Materials Interfaces,2016,3(22):1600571.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2018, Vol. 32 
