锂离子电池硅碳复合负极结构的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.22110030

材料导报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (11): 22110030-9 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.22110030

无机非金属及其复合材料

锂离子电池硅碳复合负极结构的研究进展

吴琼^1,2, 许咏杰¹, 钟展雄¹, 梁俊杰¹, 李垚^2,*

1 广东光华科技股份有限公司,广东汕头 515061
2 哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,复合材料研究所,哈尔滨 150001

Progress of Silicon Carbon Composite Anode Structure for Lithium-ion Batteries

WU Qiong^1,2, XU Yongjie¹, ZHONG Zhanxiong¹, LIANG Junjie¹, LI Yao^2,*

1 Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd., Shantou 515061, Guangdong, China
2 Institute of Composite Materials, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

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摘要锂离子电池具有能量密度高、倍率性能好、循环寿命长、自放电率低等优点,是目前主要的电化学储能设备。商用锂离子电池负极材料为石墨,但石墨的低理论容量限制了锂离子电池性能的进一步提升。硅储量丰富,具有高理论容量和稳定工作电压等特点,是新一代锂离子电池最有前景的负极材料。硅基负极存在体积膨胀效应大、首次库仑效率低、电导率低和固体电解质界面膜不稳定等缺点,导致硅基负极循环稳定性较差,严重阻碍了其实际应用。通过具有良好稳定性和高电导率的碳修饰硅基负极制备硅碳负极能够有效克服上述问题,硅碳负极作为一种高理论容量的材料更有规模化商业前景。本文根据硅碳负极的结构设计,将近年来研究的硅/碳负极材料分为零维-纳米颗粒、一维-纳米线和纳米管、二维-层状结构和三维-微米级球体材料,并对不同结构的硅碳复合负极材料的结构和电化学性能进行了对比讨论。此外,本文还总结了现有硅/碳复合负极设计的进展和局限性,并展望了该领域的工业化前景。

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关键词: 锂离子电池负极材料硅碳复合结构

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, good rate performance, long cycle life and low self-discharge rate, and are currently the most important type of mobile energy storage. The anode of commercial batteries is mainly made of graphite, and its theoretical capacity is low, which is the main bottleneck limiting the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. Silicon, on the other hand, is characterized by high theoretical capacity, suitable operating voltage, high natural abundance, etc. Therefore, it is a typical electrode material for the new generation of lit-hium-ion batteries. However, due to the large volume changes of silicon anodes during charging and discharging, low initial Coulombic efficiency, relatively poor electrical conductivity, and unstable solid electrolyte interface, silicon-based anodes have significant stability problems that hinder practical applications. To solve these problems, modifying silicon anodes with carbon is a more commercial approach. In this paper, the silicon/carbon anode materials in recent years are divided into 0D-nanoparticles, 1D-nanowires and nanotubes, 2D-nanosheets and 3D-micron spheres according to the structure and size of silicon materials, and the structures and electrochemical properties of carbon-based silicon/carbon compo-sites are discussed. In addition, the progress and limitations of the existing silicon/carbon composite anodes are summarized and the prospects for industrialization in this field are highlighted.

Key words: lithium battery anode material silicon carbon composite structure

发布日期: 2024-06-25

ZTFLH:

TQ152

基金资助: 部委科研项目

通讯作者: *李垚,哈尔滨工业大学复合材料与结构研究所教授、博士研究生导师,科技部“先进复合材料国际联合研究中心”负责人,长期从事功能复合材料的研究,设计和研发新一代具有光、热调控功能的复合材料,为近空间飞行器光热防护、热控材料提供新概念、新思路和新工艺。作为负责人先后承担国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目、国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目、国家863重大专项、科技部国际合作项目等30余项。发表论文200余篇,授权国家发明专利100余项,获省部级科技奖励4项,出版专著3部。yaoli@hit.edu.cn

作者简介: 吴琼,分别于2016年3月和2019年12月在德国克劳斯塔尔工业大学(TU Clausthal)获得理学硕士学位和博士学位,现为哈尔滨工业大学和光华科技股份有限公司联合培养博士后,在李垚教授的指导下进行研究,研究领域主要为电子电镀和新能源材料。

引用本文:

吴琼, 许咏杰, 钟展雄, 梁俊杰, 李垚. 锂离子电池硅碳复合负极结构的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(11): 22110030-9.
WU Qiong, XU Yongjie, ZHONG Zhanxiong, LIANG Junjie, LI Yao. Progress of Silicon Carbon Composite Anode Structure for Lithium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(11): 22110030-9.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.22110030 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2024/V38/I11/22110030

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