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材料导报  2023, Vol. 37 Issue (21): 22040191-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.22040191
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
SiO2气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的制备方法及性能研究进展
张星星1,2, 高相东2,*, 董余兵1,*, 段灯1,2, 李效民2
1 浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院,杭州 310018
2 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室,上海 200050
Progress in Preparation and Properties of SiO2 Aerogel@Polymer Composites
ZHANG Xingxing1,2, GAO Xiangdong2,*, DONG Yubing1,*, DUAN Deng1,2, LI Xiaomin2
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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摘要 SiO2气凝胶@聚合物复合材料融合了SiO2气凝胶纳米多孔、低热导、耐高温特性及聚合物柔韧、高强特性,可在微观尺度形成独特的有机无机互渗透结构,既克服了SiO2气凝胶脆性大、强度低的固有缺陷,也增强了聚合物的隔热、耐高温、阻燃、疏水等功能,从而可用于需求高强、高韧、高效绝热、耐高温、阻燃、防火、超疏水等多种复合功能的应用场景,是当前气凝胶新材料领域的研究热点。本文从SiO2气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的制备方法、组成与微观结构、物理化学性能三个角度综述了当前领域最新研究进展,涵盖了环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯等常见聚合物体系,归纳总结了“共混法”“共前驱体法”“气凝胶或聚合物原位生长法”三种典型制备途径,分别从组成与结构、力学性能、热学性能、阻燃性能、疏水性能等方面,阐述了气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的结构与性能特点,分析了制备方法及气凝胶掺量等因素对复合材料体系结构与性能的影响规律。在此基础上,梳理了SiO2气凝胶@聚合物复合材料当前研究存在的问题及未来可能的发展方向。
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张星星
高相东
董余兵
段灯
李效民
关键词:  SiO2气凝胶  聚合物  制备方法  物化性能    
Abstract: SiO2 aerogel@polymer composites (APC) integrate the nanoporous feature, the low thermal conductivity and the high temperature resistance of SiO2 aerogels with the high flexibility and the high strength of polymers, possessing a special organic-inorganic interpenetrating structure at the microscopic scale. Thus the APC bears dual benefits, overcoming the inherent high brittleness and low strength of SiO2 aerogel, and enhancing the heat insulation, high temperature resistance, flame retardant and hydrophobicity of the polymer. These integrated properties of APC pave the way toward applications requiring multiple functions including high strength, high toughness, high thermal insulation, high temperature resistance, flame retardancy, fire resistance, and hydrophobicity, which renders APC a hotspot in the field of new aerogel materials. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the field from three perspectives: preparation methods, composition and microstructure, and physicochemical properties of SiO2 aerogel@polymer composites, including epoxy resin, poly-urethane, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene and other common polymer systems. Three typical preparation methods of ‘blending method' ‘co-precursor method' and ‘aerogel or polymer in-situ growth method' were summarized. The structure and properties of aerogel@polymer composites were described from the aspects of composition and microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal properties, flame retardant properties, hydrophobicity, etc. The influences of the preparation method and aerogels content on the structure and properties of composites were analyzed. Finally, the existing problems and possible future development of the current research were analyzed and prospected.
Key words:  SiO2 aerogel    polymer    fabrication method    physicochemical properties
出版日期:  2023-11-10      发布日期:  2023-11-10
ZTFLH:  TB332  
基金资助: 科技部重点研发计划(2016YFA0201103);山东泰山产业领军人才资助项目(2019TSCYCX-32)
通讯作者:  *高相东,博士,研究员,硕士研究生导师。1991至2002年在同济大学材料学院就读,获学士、硕士和博士学位,2002年受聘至中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所、高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室。2008年7月至2009年1月,至新西兰奥克兰大学材料与化学工程学院(高唯院士研究组)进修;2018年4月在江苏无机材料研究院兼职从事纳米孔硅基新材料研发及产业化工作。目前主要从事气凝胶新材料、新型半导体纳米结构合成及其物化性能调控等方面的研究工作。发表论文140余篇,包括Advanced Material、Nano Energy、Journal of Materials Chemistry A等,获国家发明专利授权20余项;撰写《Solar Cells Dye-sensitized Devices》等英文专著章节2次、中文专著章节1次。xdgao@mail.sic.ac.cn 董余兵,博士,浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事形状记忆高分子复合材料、可降解高分子材料等方面研究工作。在Composites Science and Technology、ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces、Composites Part A等期刊发表SCI论文50余篇。dyb19831120@zstu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  张星星,2020年7月毕业于西安理工大学,获工学学士学位。现为浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院与中科院上海硅酸盐研究所联培硕士研究生,导师为高相东研究员和董余兵副教授,研究方向为新型气凝胶材料可控制备及应用。
引用本文:    
张星星, 高相东, 董余兵, 段灯, 李效民. SiO2气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的制备方法及性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(21): 22040191-11.
ZHANG Xingxing, GAO Xiangdong, DONG Yubing, DUAN Deng, LI Xiaomin. Progress in Preparation and Properties of SiO2 Aerogel@Polymer Composites. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(21): 22040191-11.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.22040191  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I21/22040191
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