Abstract: The study is focused on the improvement of multiple alkali metal halide molten salt electrolytes for liquid metal battery. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are used to check the various phases, phase structures and microstructures in the quaternary system of alkali metal halide molten salt electrolytes in this study. The crystal structures of molten salts are determined with a Rietveld method. The melting points of molten salts are measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The density of molten salt and the solubility of metal cation in molten electrolyte are theoretically investigated with a rigid model, the calculated values fit the experimental ones well. The two advanced performance molten salts with compositions of 0.232LiCl-0.08LiBr-0.488LiI-0.2KI and 0.203LiCl-0.07LiBr-0.427LiI-0.3KI are obtained with properties of low melting point and low solubility by composition and performance optimization. The melting temperature is around 260 ℃,which is beneficial for reducing the running temperature and energy consumption. At the operating temperature of 400 ℃, the metal solubility in two molten electrolyte is about 0.2% for Li and 0.9% for Na, respectively, which is helpful for improving the efficiency of the batteries. The density of molten salt electrolyte is 2.67—2.68 g/cm3, which is between the density of liquid cathode and anode. It can stabilize the structure of cathode/electrolyte/anode three layers and separate the cathode and anode. The ionic conductivity is predicted to be more than 1.0 S/cm. The conductivity of molten salt electrolyte meets the requirement of liquid metal battery.
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2022, Vol. 36 
