Progress in the Preparation and Application of Biopolymer Aerogels
XIAO Weixin1,2, YUAN Jing1, YAN Kaiqi1,*, ZHANG Jingjie1,*
1 State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract: On the basis of sustainable development, biopolymers have attracted great attention because of their low cost, regeneration potential and easy functionalization, etc. Aerogels constructed of biopolymers combine the advantages of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity and high specific surface area, which have become a hot research topic and made tremendous progress in the past decade. Generally, a uniform liquid system (solutions/slurries) of biopolymer is required, prior to the gelation and drying to obtain aerogels. The structural stability and the multifunctionality of assembled biopolymer aerogels need to be enhanced before their advanced applications. Therefore, previous studies mainly focus on the optimization of the preparation of biopolymer aerogels and expanding their applications. A few biopolymers can be dissolved/dispersed by adjusting pH or temperature. Typically, polar solvents or ionic liquids are adopted to break the hydrogen bonding networks of biopolymers to form uniform liquid systems. Several gelation methods, such as hydrogen bond crosslinking, covalent crosslinking, ionic crosslinking and/or low temperature induced gelation, are applied to construct the liquid system into wet gels. The aerogels are obtained through drying the as-prepared wet gels using supercritical drying, freezing drying or ambient pressure drying. The biopolymer aerogels are further multifunctionalized by hydrophobic modification, chemical modification, compositing or derivative carbonization, in order to expand the areas of their application. Biopolymer aerogels have been widely used in biomedicine materials, heavy metal ion adsorption, oil-water separation, thermal insulation, electromagnetic microwave absorption and other fields. In this paper, we review the preparation methods of biopolymer aerogels, and outline their dissolution system, gelation process, drying me-thods and functional modifications. Meanwhile, we summarize the applications and developments of biopolymer aerogels, and provide perspectives on their potential applications for future scientific research on biopolymer aerogels.
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