生物聚合物气凝胶的制备与应用研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21030322

材料导报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (20): 21030322-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.21030322

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

生物聚合物气凝胶的制备与应用研究进展

肖维新^1,2, 袁静¹, 严开祺^1,*, 张敬杰^1,*

1 中国科学院理化技术研究所,航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室,北京 100190
2 中国科学院大学化学科学学院,北京 100049

Progress in the Preparation and Application of Biopolymer Aerogels

XIAO Weixin^1,2, YUAN Jing¹, YAN Kaiqi^1,*, ZHANG Jingjie^1,*

1 State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要基于可持续发展的需求,生物聚合物因成本低廉、绿色可再生、易于功能化等优点而受到极大关注。由生物聚合物构筑的气凝胶还具有气凝胶材料的低密度、低热导率、高孔隙率、高比表面积等优点,近10年来得到了迅速的发展,成为国际前沿热点研究方向。
生物聚合物需要先形成均匀的料液体系才能进一步凝胶、干燥得到气凝胶,而构筑的气凝胶材料也需要提高其结构稳定性和多功能化才能实现进一步的应用。因此,前期的研究主要集中于制备过程的优化和应用领域的拓展两方面。
除了少数可以通过调节pH或温度来进行溶解/分散外,大多数生物聚合物需要采用极性溶剂或离子液体来破坏氢键网络实现溶解/分散;随后的凝胶化可以通过氢键交联、化学共价键交联、离子交联和低温诱导等实现;湿凝胶的干燥则有超临界干燥、冷冻干燥和常压干燥;进一步,可以通过疏水改性、化学改性、复合化、衍生碳化等方法实现生物聚合物气凝胶多功能化,进而拓展其应用领域。目前,生物聚合物气凝胶材料在生物医药材料、重金属离子吸附、油水分离、隔热保温、电磁微波吸收等领域都发挥了重要的作用。
本文从生物聚合物气凝胶的制备体系入手,综述了生物聚合物的溶解体系、凝胶化过程、干燥方法和功能化改性等,同时对生物聚合物气凝胶的应用和发展历程进行了介绍,进一步对其未来应用前景进行了展望,为开发生物聚合物气凝胶的研究者们提供参考。

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关键词: 生物聚合物气凝胶生物医药材料重金属离子吸附剂油水分离隔热微波吸收

Abstract: On the basis of sustainable development, biopolymers have attracted great attention because of their low cost, regeneration potential and easy functionalization, etc. Aerogels constructed of biopolymers combine the advantages of low density, high porosity, low thermal conductivity and high specific surface area, which have become a hot research topic and made tremendous progress in the past decade.
Generally, a uniform liquid system (solutions/slurries) of biopolymer is required, prior to the gelation and drying to obtain aerogels. The structural stability and the multifunctionality of assembled biopolymer aerogels need to be enhanced before their advanced applications. Therefore, previous studies mainly focus on the optimization of the preparation of biopolymer aerogels and expanding their applications.
A few biopolymers can be dissolved/dispersed by adjusting pH or temperature. Typically, polar solvents or ionic liquids are adopted to break the hydrogen bonding networks of biopolymers to form uniform liquid systems. Several gelation methods, such as hydrogen bond crosslinking, covalent crosslinking, ionic crosslinking and/or low temperature induced gelation, are applied to construct the liquid system into wet gels. The aerogels are obtained through drying the as-prepared wet gels using supercritical drying, freezing drying or ambient pressure drying. The biopolymer aerogels are further multifunctionalized by hydrophobic modification, chemical modification, compositing or derivative carbonization, in order to expand the areas of their application. Biopolymer aerogels have been widely used in biomedicine materials, heavy metal ion adsorption, oil-water separation, thermal insulation, electromagnetic microwave absorption and other fields.
In this paper, we review the preparation methods of biopolymer aerogels, and outline their dissolution system, gelation process, drying me-thods and functional modifications. Meanwhile, we summarize the applications and developments of biopolymer aerogels, and provide perspectives on their potential applications for future scientific research on biopolymer aerogels.

Key words: biopolymer aerogel biomedical material metal ion absorbent oil-water separation thermal insulation microwave absorption

发布日期: 2022-10-26

ZTFLH:	O636
	TB34

基金资助: 中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019029);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA22010201);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0304501;2019YFC0311401);航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室开放研究课题(SKLTSCP1904)

通讯作者: ^*yankaiqi@mail.ipc.ac.cn; jjzhang@mail.ipc.ac.cn

作者简介: 肖维新,2018年7月毕业于清华大学化学工程系,获得工学学士学位。现为中国科学院理化技术研究所硕士研究生,在张敬杰研究员、严开祺副研究员的指导下开展研究。目前主要研究领域为应用于隔热保温和电磁微波吸收领域的生物聚合物气凝胶。
严开祺,中国科学院理化技术研究所副研究员、项目研究员。2009年7月于南开大学获理学学士学位,2012年7月于中国科学院理化技术研究所获理学硕士学位,2017年7月于中国科学院理化技术研究所获理学博士学位。2018年晋升为中国科学院理化技术研究所副研究员。主要从事轻质微纳米功能材料的研究工作,包括无机中空微球粉体、轻量化复合材料、海洋工程复合材料、轻质隔热材料等。现已发表论文19篇,申请专利22项,参与制定行业标准1份。
张敬杰,中国科学院理化技术研究所研究员、博士研究生导师,中国科学院理化技术研究所油气开发及节能环保新材料研发中心主任,国家发改委节能中心专家库成员,享受政府津贴。2001年于中国科大研究生院获理学硕士。主要研究方向为微纳米球形粉体材料及其复合材料的理论研究和应用开发。现已发表SCI论文60余篇,申请专利40余项。

引用本文:

肖维新, 袁静, 严开祺, 张敬杰. 生物聚合物气凝胶的制备与应用研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(20): 21030322-10.
XIAO Weixin, YUAN Jing, YAN Kaiqi, ZHANG Jingjie. Progress in the Preparation and Application of Biopolymer Aerogels. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(20): 21030322-10.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.21030322 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I20/21030322

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