碳量子点作为生物相容性发光材料在再生医学方面的应用

材料导报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (Z2): 1-9

无机非金属及其复合材料

碳量子点作为生物相容性发光材料在再生医学方面的应用

杨磊¹, 杨志², 连锋¹

1 上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心外科,上海 200127;
2 上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院薄膜与微细技术教育部重点实验室,上海 200240

Application of Carbon Quantum Dots as Biocompatible Luminous Materials in Regenerative Medicine

YANG Lei¹, YANG Zhi², LIAN Feng¹

1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127;
2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240

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摘要碳纳米材料(CNMs)因在电子、光学、热和机械特性、多用途功能化化学上的作用而受到科学界的关注。由于碳纳米材料的固有疏水性,它们比金属基纳米材料更具有生物相容性和安全性。碳纳米材料(CNMs)可以通过疏水相互作用或π-π堆积来搭载相应的药物,用作高效的药物传递平台。近年来石墨烯、富勒烯、碳纳米管,碳量子点成为治疗癌症以及细胞内标记最广泛使用的碳纳米材料,并且可以通过共价或非共价修饰使这些碳纳米材料具有生物相容性。共价修饰是在其表面引入羟基、羧基或氨基,这些自由基与保护生物聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG)进一步结合,而非共价修饰是在CNMs上负载亲氨性分子。这些碳基纳米材料经过大量的研究证明不仅是各种生物大分子的良好负载载体,而且是很好的光敏剂。此外,许多理想的功能化基团可以被整合到CNMs上,用于肿瘤的主动靶向和归巢。由于CNMs固有的光学特性,许多研究者也对其在肿瘤细胞和干细胞成像的应用上进行了研究,并证明它们是未来生物成像中可靠的材料。
在众多的碳基纳米材料中,碳量子点由于特殊的零维结构以及优异的性能不仅在材料领域引起人们的重视,在生物应用方面也备受关注。过去十年来,将基因、生长因子等生物大分子输送到干细胞方法的发展引发了人们对通过纳米药物疗法改善人类疾病治疗的可能性的探索。然而,尽管取得了很大的进展,但在这种基于纳米药物疗法能够在临床环境中安全有效地应用之前,还需要解决很多关键性的技术问题。如干细胞在移植到缺血区域后,由于其微环境的改变,导致干细胞的存活、迁移等状态发生改变。
本文综述了这些纳米药物治疗的进展,重点介绍了先进的碳量子点纳米粒子技术,以监控治疗性移植后干细胞在体内和体外的位置,对活细胞体内大分子的示踪以及操控发挥其功能。

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关键词: 碳量子点干细胞纳米粒子示踪

Abstract: Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their role in electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical properties and multi-purpose functional chemistry. Because of their inherent hydrophobicity, carbon nanomaterials have more biocompatibility and safety than metal-based nanomaterials. Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) can be used as an efficient drug delivery platform by hydrophobic interaction or π-π stacking. In recent years, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots have become the most widely used carbon nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer and intracellular labeling. These carbon nanomaterials can be biocompatible by covalent or non-covalent modification. Covalent modification is the introduction of hydroxyl, carboxy or amino groups on its surface. These free radicals further bind to the protective biopolymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), while the non-covalent modification is supported on CNMs. These carbon-based nanomaterials have been proved to be not only good loading carriers for various biological macromolecules, but also good photosensitizers. In addition, many ideal functionalization can be integrated into CNMs for active targeting and homing of tumors. Because of the inhe-rent optical properties of CNMs, many researchers have also studied its application in tumor cell and stem cell imaging, and proved that they are reliable materials in future biological imaging.
Among many carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have not only attracted people’s attention in the field of materials but also attracted great interest in biological applications because of their special zero-dimensional structure and excellent properties. In the past decade, the development of biological macromolecules such as genes, growth factors and other biological macromolecules to stem cells has led to the exploration of the possibility of improving the treatment of human diseases through nano-drug therapy. However, although great progress has been made, many key technical problems need to be solved before this nanodrug therapy can be used safely and effectively in the clinical environment. For example, after transplantation of stem cells to ischemic area, due to the change of microenvironment, the survival and migration of stem cells are monitored.
In this paper, the progress of these nanodrug therapy is reviewed, with emphasis on the advanced carbon quantum dot nanoparticles technology to monitor the position of stem cells in vivo and in vitro after therapeutic transplantation, as well as the tracer and manipulation of macromolecules in living cells.

Key words: carbon quantum dots stem cell nano-particle tracking

出版日期: 2019-11-25 发布日期: 2019-11-25

ZTFLH:	R318.08
	R329.2

通讯作者: dr.lianfeng@hotmail.com

作者简介: 杨磊,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心血管外科硕士研究生,现攻读硕士二年级,主要研究方向为纳米材料调控干细胞,及其介导的心肌再生,缺血再灌注后的心肌修复。
连锋博士,主任医师,心血管外科行政副主任,上海交通大学硕士研究生导师,中华医学会心胸血管外科分会会员,中国医师协会会员,仁济医院青联委员。1994年获得医学学士学位,开始心胸外科工作。师从我国著名心脏外科专家朱洪生教授,2000年获得上海交通大学医学院硕士学位,2003年获得上海交通大学医学院博士学位。同年荣获上海市“宝钢教育奖”,赴中国香港大学玛丽医院学习。2006年入选上海交通大学医学院“百人计划”,赴美国排名第一的心脏中心——克利夫兰医学中心(CLEVELAND CLINIC)访问学者学习。2007年3月至2008年3月在意大利国立帕维亚大学(Università degli Studi di PAVIA)附属圣马窦医院(IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO)心脏外科临床访问学者从事临床工作,主修冠脉搭桥,瓣膜外科,先天性心脏病和微创心脏外科,在意大利期间参加各种心脏手术(包括各种微创微创心脏手术,da Vinci机器人手术,心脏移植,肺移植等)近500台,主刀冠脉搭桥等各种心脏手术近100台,回国获得中国教育部颁发的归国人员留学证书。

引用本文:

杨磊, 杨志, 连锋. 碳量子点作为生物相容性发光材料在再生医学方面的应用[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(Z2): 1-9.
YANG Lei, YANG Zhi, LIAN Feng. Application of Carbon Quantum Dots as Biocompatible Luminous Materials in Regenerative Medicine. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(Z2): 1-9.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/ 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2019/V33/IZ2/1

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