Polyurethane Slush Powders for Instrument Panel of Automobiles: Composition, Processing and Rheological Properties
ZHANG Wanxi1, CHANG Haijian1,2, DOU Yanli1, HUANG Gang2,3, ZHANG Huanhuan2,3, XU Donghua2, SHI Tongfei2, GUAN Dongbo1, YAO Weiguo1
1 Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials,Ministry of Education,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
Abstract: The influence of composition and processing of polyurethane slush powder for automobile instrument panel on its rheological properties was studied. The components of polyurethane slush powder were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, NMR spectra, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy spectrometer, X-Ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that the commercial polyurethane slush powder was mainly composed of thermoplastic polyester polyurethane, and inorganic fillers were consisted of silica, titanium dioxide and kaolin. The melting and merging of polyurethane slush powder under various temperatures were observed by optical microscope, and appropriate processing temperature and plasticizing duration for slush molding were obtained. The results of linear frequency sweep experiments carried out by rotational rheometer showed that the melt of polyurethane slush powder exhibited viscous-like behavior (loss modulus was larger than storage modulus) at high frequency (short-time scale), while gel-like behavior (storage modulus was close to loss modulus, and there was a plateau of moduli at low frequency) at low frequency (long-time scale). The above results indicated that the components of polyurethane slush powder endowed the melt with specific rheological characteristics. Namely, thermoplastic po-lyester polyurethane contributed to the viscous-like behavior of the melt, the network formed by the interaction between nanofillers and polyurethane resulted in the gel-like behavior of melt at long-time scale. Meanwhile, it was also found that during slush molding (the slush mold was rotated), thanks to the gel-like behavior of polyurethane slush powder melt at long-time scale, merging instead of dropping down or sagging was happened when the slush powder was adhered to the surface of mould, thus, a instrument panel skin with more uniform thickness was acquired. In addition, the roughness of patterns in various positions of slush skin was satisfactory.
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2018, Vol. 32 
