Review on the Development of Nanodiamonds Used as Functional Materials
ZHANG Wangxi1, WANG Yanzhi2, LIANG Baoyan1, LI Qiquan1, LUO Wei3, SUN Changhong1, CHENG Xiaozhe1, SUN Yuzhou4
1 School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191; 2 School ofTextiles Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191; 3 Department of ChemicalEngineering, Sichuan Vocational College of Chemical Technology, Luzhou 646000; 4 School of Civil Engineering& Architecture, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451191
Abstract: Natural diamonds are too rare and precious to satisfy the growing industrial demand. Annual output of artificial diamonds made by industrial synthesis technology has exceeded remarkably that of natural diamonds. Now, because of their extreme hardness, diamonds are mainly used as abrasive materials and super-hard materials in industry, mostly for grinding tools, blades and for drilling, cutting, polishing, etc. In addition to the high hardness, diamonds also display other excellent properties, such as optical properties, electrical properties, catalytic properties, lubrication properties, biocompatibility, etc., and thus are especially suitable for functional materials. Synthetic diamonds have been successfully prepared through three different strategies: Ⅰ. Ultrahigh-pressure and high-temperature process, i.e. the so-called static catalyst approach, which results in single crystal diamonds; Ⅱ. Chemical vapor deposition efficient for producing bulk (or sheet) diamond with large size; Ⅲ. The detonation method that can synthesize ultrafine (usually nanosized) diamond powders. Large single crystal, large-size bulk (sheet) and nanosized powders are currently the most promising, exemplary and state-of-the-art forms for functionalized artificial diamonds. However, the research and innovation for the functionalization of diamond and its composites are inadequate, especially for nanodiamond that shows a variety of excellent properties, such as high modulus, high hardness, high thermal conductivity, good insulation, unique photoelectric characteristics, low friction coefficient and excellent wear resistance, satisfactory chemical stability and biocompatibility. The original application of nanodiamonds and their composites is to serve as photoelectric materials, and have now been extended to the fields of biological medicine, drug delivery, catalysis, thermal management, lubrication, etc., indicating a rapid, hopeful and high-potential development prospect. Nanosized diamonds generally tend to agglomerate, which is similar to other nanomaterials. This can be solved or alleviated by stirring-assisted ball milling, ultrasonic treatment, electrospinning, and so on. Moreover, for certain application purpose, chemical modification is also indispensable. For the sake of grafting ideal chemical functional groups onto the surface of nanodiamond, changing, adjusting and designing the chemical activity of their surfaces, and in consequence, further mitigating agglomeration and improving solubility and dispersibility in solvents (or solid matrices), researchers have tentatively adopted various chemical modification approaches including carboxylation, hydrogenation, ammoniation, amidation, acylation and hydroxylation. And the modified nanodiamonds have successfully and swiftly found biomedical application, e.g. biological imaging, molecular imprinting, bio-sensing, cell-targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering and so on. The surface functionalization of the nanodiamonds facilitates the combination of them with polymer matrices by forming covalent bonds, which can promote dispersion and thermal conductivity of the nanodiamond-reinforced composites. Furthermore, functionalized nanodiamonds have also been applied in the fields of photocatalytic mate-rials, friction materials, photoelectric materials, self-cleaning materials, etc. In this paper, the recent advances of nanodiamonds serving as functional materials is summarized. The modification methods, agglomeration and dispersion of nanodiamonds are introduced, focusing on the above-mentioned application situation. It is expected to provide a reference for the further research.
张旺玺, 王艳芝, 梁宝岩, 李启泉, 罗伟, 孙长红, 成晓哲, 孙玉周. 纳米金刚石基于功能材料应用的研究现状[J]. 《材料导报》期刊社, 2018, 32(13): 2183-2188.
ZHANG Wangxi, WANG Yanzhi, LIANG Baoyan, LI Qiquan, LUO Wei, SUN Changhong, CHENG Xiaozhe, SUN Yuzhou. Review on the Development of Nanodiamonds Used as Functional Materials. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(13): 2183-2188.
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2018, Vol. 32 
