Effect of Rotational Speed on Frictional Heat Production and Interface Structure of Thick Plate Al/Mg Dissimilar Materials by Friction Stir Welding
NIE Hao1, XU Yang2, KE Liming1,2,*, XING Li1
1 National Defence Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Abstract: The friction stir welding of 20 mm thick Al /Mg dissimilar materials was carried out by employing different rotational speeds. In this study, the influence of the rotation speed on the friction heat production, weld formation and interface structure of thick Al/Mg dissimilar materials by friction stir welding were examined using K-type thermocouple temperature measurement, scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe micro analyzer. The results show that there is temperature gradient along the thickness direction of the workpiece, the temperature decreases gradually from upper to bottom. Furthermore, the temperature difference on the interfaces of the Al side is higher than that of Mg side at the same rotational speed. The peak temperature on the Al side is also higher than that on the Mg side for two symmetric points at the same thickness of weld. The weld formation gradually deteriorates with the increase of the speed. At 375 r/min, a band-shaped Al3Mg2 layer with a thickness of 12 μm and a thickness of 74 μm Mg+Al12Mg17 eutectic layer were found on the top of the Mg side interface. The thickness of IMCs and eutectic layer in the middle part is smaller than that in the upper part, while no eutectic layer is found in the bottom part. As the rotational speed increased, the thickness of the Al3Mg2 layer and the eutectic layer increased significantly.The joint fracture occurred between the Al3Mg2 layer and the Al alloy strip at the Mg side interface.
1 Chen B, Wang Y, Xiao C, et al. Materials Science & Technology, 2017, 34(6), 1. 2 Liu L, Ren D, Liu F. Materials, 2014, 7(5), 3735. 3 Zhao J J, Su H, Shi L, et al. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(6), 24(in Chinese). 赵俊杰, 宿浩, 石磊, 等.机械工程学报, 2020, 56(6), 24. 4 Li D, Sun M H, Cui Z Q, et al.Transactions of the China Welding Instition, 2011, 32(8), 97 (in Chinese). 李达, 孙明辉, 崔占全, 等.焊接学报, 2011, 32(8), 97. 5 Liu Z L, Cui H T, Ji S D, et al. Transactions of the China Welding Instition, 2016, 37(6), 23 (in Chinese). 刘震磊, 崔祜涛, 姬书得, 等. 焊接学报, 2016, 37(6), 23. 6 Baghdadi A H, Sajuri Z, Selamat N F M, et al. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2019, 26(10), 1285. 7 Shi H, Chen K, Liang Z Y, et al. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2017, 33(4), 359. 8 Masoudian A, Tahaei A, Shakiba A, et al. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24(5), 1317. 9 McLean A A, Powell G L F, Brown I H, et al. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2003, 8(6), 462. 10 Venkateswaran P, Reynolds A P. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2012, 545, 26. 11 Xu Y, Ke L M, Mao Y Q, et al.Materials, 2019, 12(17), 2661. 12 Mao Y Q, Ke L M, Chen Y H, et al. Materials Reports, 2017, 31(24), 145 (in Chinese). 毛育青, 柯黎明, 陈玉华, 等.材料导报, 2017, 31(24), 145. 13 Firouzdor V, Kou S.Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2010, 41(11), 2914. 14 Azizieh M, Alavijeh A S, Abbasi M, et al. Materials Chemistry & Phy-sics, 2016, 170, 251. 15 Fu B L, Qin G L, Li F, et al. Journal of Materials Processing Tech-nology, 2015, 218, 38. 16 Zeng H R. Effects of stirring needle morphology and auxiliary heating on the formation of aluminum/magnesium FSW weld. Master's Thesis, Nanchang Hangkong University, China, 2019 (in Chinese). 曾浩然. 搅拌针形貌及辅助加热对铝/镁FSW焊缝成形的影响. 硕士学位论文, 南昌航空大学, 2019. 17 Editorial Committee of China Aerospace Materials Handbook. China aeronautical materials handbook, Volume 3, Aluminum and magnesium alloys, China Standards Press, China, 2001( in Chinese). 中国航空材料手册编辑委员会.中国航空材料手册, 第三卷, 铝合金、镁合金, 中国标准出版社, 2001. 18 Trueba J L, Heredia G, Rybicki D, et al. Journal of Materials Proce-ssing Technology, 2015, 219, 271. 19 Wu X H,Cao L J,Miao C H,et al. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science),2022,36(2),76(in Chinese). 吴晓虎,曹丽杰,苗臣怀,等. 重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2022,36(2),76. 20 Xu W F, Liu J H, Luan G H, et al. Materials and Design, 2009, 30(6), 1886. 21 Zhang C, Cui L, Liu Y, et al. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2018, 34(5), 756. 22 Massalski T B, Okamoto H, Subramanian P, et al. Binary alloy phase diagrams, OH: American Society for Metals, America,1986. 23 Gerlich A, Su P, North T H. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining. 2005, 10(6), 647. 24 Wang P, Hu S, Shen J Q, et al. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 652, 127. 25 Xu L, Robson J D, Wang L, et al. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2018, 49, 515. 26 Wang Y, Prangnell P B. Materials Characterization, 2017, 134, 84. 27 Pal S K, Mahto R P, Kumar R, et al. Materials Characterization, 2020, 160(1-4), 110115. 28 Chang C I, Lee C J, Huang J C. Scripta Materialia, 2004, 51, 509.